Shen San-Tai, Yu John Yuh-Lin
Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2002 Feb 15;125(3):375-86. doi: 10.1006/gcen.2001.7763.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a member of pituitary glycoprotein hormones that are composed of two dissimilar subunits, alpha and beta. Very little information is available regarding the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of FSH-beta in avian species. For better understanding of the phylogenic diversity and evolution of FSH molecule, we have isolated and sequenced the complete complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding chicken FSH-beta precursor molecule by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE) methods. The cloned chicken FSH-beta cDNA consists of 2457-bp nucleotides, including 44-bp nucleotides of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), 396 bp of the open reading frame, and an extraordinarily long 3'-UTR of 2001-bp nucleotides followed by a poly(A)((16)) tail. It encodes a 131-amino-acid precursor molecule of FSH-beta-subunit with a signal peptide of 20 amino acids followed by a mature protein of 111 amino acids. Twelve cysteine residues, forming six disulfide bonds within beta-subunit and two putative asparagine-linked glycosylation sites, are also conserved in the chicken FSH-beta-subunit. Four proline residues, presumably responsible for changing the backbone direction of protein structure, are conserved in chicken FSH-beta-subunit as well. The nucleotide sequence of chicken FSH-beta cDNA shows high homology with quail FSH-beta cDNA, 97% homology in the open reading frame, and 85% homology in the 3'-UTR. The deduced amino acid sequence of chicken FSH-beta-subunit shows a remarkable similarity to other avian FSH-beta-subunits, 98% homology with quail, and 93% homology with ostrich, whereas a lower similarity (66 to 70%) is noted when compared with mammalian FSH-beta-subunits. By contrast, when comparing with the beta-subunits of chicken luteinizing hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone, the homologies are as low as 37 and 40%, respectively. FSH-beta mRNA was only expressed in pituitary gland out of various tissues examined and can be up-regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary tissue culture as estimated by real-time quantitative PCR.
促卵泡激素（FSH）是垂体糖蛋白激素家族的一员，该家族由α和β两个不同的亚基组成。关于鸟类促卵泡激素β亚基（FSH-β）的核苷酸和氨基酸序列，目前所知甚少。为了更好地理解FSH分子的系统发育多样性和进化，我们通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和cDNA末端快速扩增（RACE）方法，分离并测定了编码鸡FSH-β前体分子的完整互补DNA（cDNA）序列。克隆得到的鸡FSH-β cDNA由2457个核苷酸组成，包括5'非翻译区（UTR）的44个核苷酸、开放阅读框的396个碱基对，以及一个长达2001个核苷酸的3'UTR，后面跟着一个聚腺苷酸（(16)）尾巴。它编码一个131个氨基酸的FSH-β亚基前体分子，前面有一个20个氨基酸的信号肽，后面是一个111个氨基酸的成熟蛋白。在鸡FSH-β亚基中，形成β亚基内六个二硫键的十二个半胱氨酸残基以及两个假定的天冬酰胺连接的糖基化位点也得到了保守。四个脯氨酸残基，可能负责改变蛋白质结构的主链方向，在鸡FSH-β亚基中也得到了保守。鸡FSH-β cDNA的核苷酸序列与鹌鹑FSH-β cDNA具有高度同源性，开放阅读框中的同源性为97%，3'UTR中的同源性为85%。推导得到的鸡FSH-β亚基氨基酸序列与其他鸟类FSH-β亚基具有显著相似性，与鹌鹑的同源性为98%，与鸵鸟的同源性为93%，而与哺乳动物FSH-β亚基相比，相似性较低（66%至70%）。相比之下，与鸡促黄体生成素和促甲状腺激素的β亚基相比，同源性分别低至37%和40%。在所检测的各种组织中，FSH-β mRNA仅在垂体中表达，通过实时定量PCR估计，在垂体组织培养中，促性腺激素释放激素可上调其表达。
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