Yuan Yitong, Liu Shunqi, Zhao Yue, Lian Ling, Lian Zhengxing
1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
2Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2018 May 23;9:40. doi: 10.1186/s40104-018-0256-y. eCollection 2018.
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is critical for innate and adaptive immunity against viral and bacterial infections. IFN-γ reportedly affects the phagocytic ability of monocytes and macrophages as well as regulates pituitary function in humans and mice. The present study analyzed the impact of IFN-γ on monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis, production performance, and pituitary function in vivo and in vitro (in dwarf chickens). IFN-γ was injected into dwarf chickens through a vein, and then, the laying rate, average egg weight, and levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and IFN-γ were measured in treatment and control groups. For the in vitro experiment, the pituitary tissues were supplemented with IFN-γ, and the mRNA expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (), interferon gamma receptor 1 (1), and interferon gamma receptor 2 (2) in the pituitary were assessed.
Monocyte and macrophage phagocytosis product (PP) was decreased by IFN-γ treatment in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, the level of IFN-γ in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group at 7 d ( < 0.05), 14 d ( < 0.01), and 21 d ( < 0.01) post-injection. Compared with the control group, monocyte and macrophage PP was lower in the treatment group after injection ( < 0.01). The laying rate was higher in the treatment group than in the control group at 2 and 3 wk post-injection ( < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the treatment and control groups in the levels of FSH at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d post-injection ( < 0.01). In the in vitro experiment, increased mRNA expression levels of , 1, and 2 were observed in the treatment group after stimulation with 100 U/mL IFN-γ for 24 h compared to those in the control group ( < 0.05).
IFN-γ inhibited the phagocytosis of monocytes and macrophages; up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of the , 1, and 2; enhanced the secretion of FSH; and improved the laying rate. IFN-γ might be an important regulator in the trade-off between the immune effect and production performance in dwarf chickens.
干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）对于抵抗病毒和细菌感染的天然免疫和适应性免疫至关重要。据报道，IFN-γ会影响单核细胞和巨噬细胞的吞噬能力，并调节人和小鼠的垂体功能。本研究分析了IFN-γ对矮小鸡体内和体外单核细胞和巨噬细胞吞噬作用、生产性能及垂体功能的影响。通过静脉注射将IFN-γ注入矮小鸡体内，然后测量治疗组和对照组的产蛋率、平均蛋重以及促卵泡激素（FSH）和IFN-γ的水平。对于体外实验，向垂体组织中添加IFN-γ，并评估垂体中促卵泡激素β亚基（FSHβ）、干扰素γ受体1（IFNGR1）和干扰素γ受体2（IFNGR2）的mRNA表达水平。
体外实验中，IFN-γ处理以剂量依赖方式降低了单核细胞和巨噬细胞的吞噬产物（PP）。在体内实验中，注射后7天（P<0.05）、14天（P<0.01）和21天（P<0.01），治疗组的IFN-γ水平高于对照组。与对照组相比，注射后治疗组的单核细胞和巨噬细胞PP较低（P<0.01）。注射后2周和3周，治疗组的产蛋率高于对照组（P<0.05）。注射后1天、3天、7天和14天，治疗组和对照组的FSH水平存在显著差异（P<0.01）。在体外实验中，与对照组相比，用100 U/mL IFN-γ刺激24小时后，治疗组中FSHβ、IFNGR1和IFNGR2的mRNA表达水平升高（P<0.05）。
IFN-γ抑制单核细胞和巨噬细胞的吞噬作用；上调FSHβ、IFNGR1和IFNGR2的mRNA表达水平；增强FSH的分泌；并提高产蛋率。IFN-γ可能是矮小鸡免疫效应和生产性能权衡中的重要调节因子。
