Ramsey Jennifer L, Langlois Judith H
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2002 Mar;81(3):320-40. doi: 10.1006/jecp.2002.2656.
The authors tested schematic information processing as a function of attractiveness stereotyping in two studies. An adult experimenter read children (ages 3 to 7 years) eight different stories in which a child narrator encountered two characters who varied in level of attractiveness and displayed positive or negative traits that were either consistent or inconsistent with the "beauty is good" stereotype. Following the story, the experimenter showed each child a photograph of the two characters' faces and asked the child to point to the character who displayed the positive trait. In Experiment 1, children made more errors in identifying female characters with stereotype inconsistent traits but did just the opposite with male characters. Experiment 2 replicated the findings with female characters but found no difference in errors with male characters. The findings have implications for how attractiveness and gender stereotypes affect children's information processing, how attractiveness schemata may be organized, and why physical attractiveness stereotypes are maintained.
作者在两项研究中测试了作为吸引力刻板印象函数的图式信息处理。一名成年实验者给3至7岁的儿童朗读八个不同的故事,故事中儿童叙述者遇到两个吸引力水平不同的角色,他们表现出与“美貌即美德”刻板印象一致或不一致的积极或消极特质。听完故事后,实验者向每个孩子展示两个角色面部的照片,并要求孩子指出表现出积极特质的角色。在实验1中,孩子们在识别具有刻板印象不一致特质的女性角色时犯了更多错误,但在识别男性角色时情况正好相反。实验2用女性角色重复了这一发现,但发现男性角色的错误没有差异。这些发现对吸引力和性别刻板印象如何影响儿童的信息处理、吸引力图式可能如何组织以及身体吸引力刻板印象为何持续存在具有启示意义。