Kucklick John R, Struntz William D J, Becker Paul R, York Geoff W, O'Hara Todd M, Bohonowych Jesssica E
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Analytical Chemistry Division, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2002 Mar 15;287(1-2):45-59. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00997-4.
Blubber samples from ringed seal (Phoca hispida; n = 8) and polar bear subcutaneous fat (Ursus maritimus; n = 5) were collected near Barrow, Alaska in 1996 as part of the Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project (AMMTAP) and retained in the National Biomonitoring Specimen Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA). The samples were analyzed for a variety of persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordane and metabolites, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs and metabolites. The geometric mean, on a wet mass basis, of sigmaPCBs (sum of 29 congeners and congener groups) were 732+/-282 ng/g (1 S.D.) in seals and 3395+/-1442 ng/g in polar bears. The geometric mean of sigmaDDTs, sigmaHCHs (alpha-, beta- and gamma- HCH) and HCB concentrations (wet mass basis) in seals and bears were 562+/-261 ng/g vs. 74.8+/-39 ng/g, 380+/-213 ng/g vs. 515 ng/g, and 17.4+/-10.1 ng/g vs. 183+/-153 ng/g, respectively. The geometric mean sum of chlordane (sigmachlordane, sum of cis- and trans-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane and heptachlor epoxide) and dieldrin concentrations in ringed seals and polar bears were 753+/-617 ng/g vs. 720+/-315 ng/g and 38.6+/-22.8 ng/g vs. 130+/-65 ng/g, respectively. Apparent bioaccumulation factors (polar bear/ringed seal POP concentrations) were lower in the animals sampled near Barrow, Alaska than in those from locations in the Canadian Arctic. This suggests that polar bears are also preying on marine mammals from lower trophic levels than the ringed seals with correspondingly lower organochlorine levels, such as bowhead whale carcasses. PCB congener patterns in the samples demonstrated the metabolism of certain PCB congeners in the polar bear relative to the ringed seal in agreement with previous studies. Regional comparisons of animals collected in Alaska and Arctic Canada are presented.
1996年，作为阿拉斯加海洋哺乳动物组织存档项目（AMMTAP）的一部分，在阿拉斯加巴罗附近采集了环斑海豹（Phoca hispida；n = 8）的鲸脂样本和北极熊皮下脂肪（Ursus maritimus；n = 5），并保存在美国马里兰州盖瑟斯堡国家标准与技术研究所的国家生物监测样本库中。对这些样本进行了多种持久性有机氯污染物（POPs）的分析，包括多氯联苯（PCBs）、六氯环己烷（HCHs）、氯丹及其代谢物、六氯苯（HCB）以及滴滴涕及其代谢物。以湿重计，环斑海豹中29种多氯联苯同系物和同系物组总和（∑PCBs）的几何平均值为732±282 ng/g（标准差为1），北极熊中为3395±1442 ng/g。环斑海豹和北极熊中∑滴滴涕、∑六氯环己烷（α -、β - 和γ - 六氯环己烷）以及六氯苯浓度（湿重计）的几何平均值分别为562±261 ng/g对74.8±39 ng/g、380±213 ng/g对515 ng/g以及17.4±10.1 ng/g对183±153 ng/g。环斑海豹和北极熊中氯丹总和（∑氯丹，顺式和反式氯丹、顺式和反式九氯、氧氯丹以及七氯环氧的总和）和狄氏剂浓度的几何平均值分别为753±617 ng/g对720±315 ng/g以及38.6±22.8 ng/g对130±65 ng/g。在阿拉斯加巴罗附近采样的动物中，表观生物累积因子（北极熊/环斑海豹POP浓度）低于加拿大北极地区的动物。这表明北极熊捕食的海洋哺乳动物营养级低于环斑海豹，其有机氯水平相应较低，例如弓头鲸尸体。样本中的多氯联苯同系物模式表明，与环斑海豹相比，北极熊体内某些多氯联苯同系物发生了代谢，这与之前的研究结果一致。本文还展示了在阿拉斯加和加拿大北极地区采集的动物的区域比较情况。
Zotero 插件