Dybing Erik, Sanner Tore
Divisjon for miljømedisin Nasjonalt folkehelseinstitutt Postboks 4404 Nydalen 0403 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Jan 30;122(3):302-5.
The nicotine in tobacco products is strongly addictive. This was generally recognised no earlier than in the late 1970s, though it was well known within the international tobacco industry in the early 1960s. Nicotine acts as an addictive substance by binding to acetylcholine receptors and causing the release of dopamine in the brain, though other signalling substances are also important for the action of nicotine in the central nervous system. Withdrawal syndrome is the typical evidence of physical addiction to nicotine. Nicotine addiction can develop rapidly. There are, however, individual differences; genetic predisposition may have a bearing on these differences.
烟草制品中的尼古丁极易使人上瘾。这一点直到20世纪70年代末才得到普遍认可，不过在20世纪60年代初国际烟草行业内部就已经很清楚了。尼古丁通过与乙酰胆碱受体结合并导致大脑中多巴胺的释放，从而起到成瘾物质的作用，尽管其他信号物质对尼古丁在中枢神经系统中的作用也很重要。戒断综合征是尼古丁身体成瘾的典型证据。尼古丁成瘾发展迅速。然而存在个体差异；遗传易感性可能与这些差异有关。
