Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand.
J Psychopharmacol. 2010 Jun;24(6):793-808. doi: 10.1177/0269881108100256. Epub 2009 Feb 27.
Smoking is one of the leading causes of preventable death, where nicotine has been identified as the primary addictive constituent of tobacco. Consequently, there have been extensive investigations into the neuroadaptations that occur as nicotine dependence develops, where numerous neurological systems have been implicated. The focus of this review was on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor neuroadaptations that occur during the development of nicotine dependence. This focus was selected because (1) the nicotinic receptors are the primary binding sites for both nicotine and the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation treatments and (2) the receptors are located throughout the brain with considerable neuromodulatory ability. However, there was difficulty associated in outlining the role of nicotinic receptors in the development of nicotine dependence because it comprises a series of stages involving different neurological systems rather than a single state. To address this issue, the review adopts a novel approach and considers the role of nicotinic receptor subtypes at separate stages of the nicotine dependence cycle. This information was then used to examine the nicotinic receptor-related therapeutic mechanisms of three main pharmacological smoking cessation treatments.
吸烟是可预防死亡的主要原因之一，其中尼古丁已被确定为烟草的主要成瘾成分。因此，人们对尼古丁依赖发展过程中发生的神经适应性进行了广泛的研究，其中涉及许多神经系统。本综述的重点是尼古丁依赖发展过程中发生的烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体神经适应性。之所以选择这个重点，是因为 (1) 烟碱型受体是尼古丁和最有效的药理学戒烟治疗的主要结合部位，以及 (2) 受体存在于整个大脑中，具有相当大的神经调节能力。然而，尼古丁受体在尼古丁依赖发展中的作用难以概述，因为它包括一系列涉及不同神经系统的阶段，而不是单一状态。为了解决这个问题，本综述采用了一种新方法，考虑了烟碱型受体亚型在尼古丁依赖周期的不同阶段的作用。然后，利用这些信息来研究三种主要药理学戒烟治疗的与烟碱型受体相关的治疗机制。
