Dornfeldt K
Z Tierpsychol. 1975 Sep;38(2):113-153.
The photomenotactic orientation of funnel spiders (Agelena labyrinthica [Cl.]) returning to their retreat was studied by measuring the direction of their course on the horizontal webs. 1. If a lamp was shifted 90 degrees just before the spider caught its prey the mean return course deviated less than 90 degrees from the direction of the retreat. This deviation was not only a function of the azimuth of the light and of the amount it had been moved, but also varied with the course taken when approaching the prey, the duration of the interval without light stimulation while the lamps were changed, the light stimulation experienced while at the retreat, the extent to which vision was experimentally reduced, and the light intensity. 2. Elimination of the principal or of the accessory eyes had little or no significant effect on the photomenotactic orientation. Spiders able to use only the median eye or one principal eye could no longer use the lamp to orient by. 3. Animals with full vision showed an increased (decreased) deviation from the direction of the retreat if the light intensity was abruptly increased (decreased), as did animals without principal eyes or without accessory eyes. The mean return directions were, however, not dependent upon light intensity changes before reaching the prey or after an interruption of web contact. The threshold for photomenotactic orientation using the accessory eyes is 0.366-10(-4) sb; the corresponding value for the principal eyes is 100 times larger. 4. If the lamp was not visible on the outward run the spiders were unable to perform correct return runs by light orientation without optical information from previous runs. If they could see a lamp while at the retreat their return course was shifted in the direction away from the light. Animals without principal eyes did not show this effect. 5. Spiders that had not performed an outward run did not keep to a straight course. Animals with full vision spontaneously showed negative phototactic orientation, those without principal eyes were usually positively phototactic. 6. Animals, whose web contact had been interrupted or animals without principal eyes showed a similar deviation from the correct return direction as did unmanipulated animals.
通过测量漏斗蛛（迷宫漏斗蛛[Cl.]）在水平蛛网上的行进方向，研究了其返回巢穴时的趋光性定向。1. 如果在蜘蛛捕获猎物前将一盏灯移动90度，那么平均返回路线偏离巢穴方向不到90度。这种偏差不仅是光的方位和移动量的函数，还随接近猎物时所走的路线、更换灯具时无光照刺激的间隔时间、在巢穴时所经历的光照刺激、实验性降低视力的程度以及光强度而变化。2. 去除主眼或副眼对趋光性定向几乎没有或没有显著影响。只能使用中眼或一只主眼的蜘蛛不再能利用灯光来定向。3. 视力正常的动物如果光强度突然增加（降低），会表现出偏离巢穴方向的偏差增加（减少），没有主眼或没有副眼的动物也是如此。然而，平均返回方向并不取决于到达猎物前或蛛网接触中断后的光强度变化。使用副眼进行趋光性定向的阈值为0.366 - 10(-4) 熙提；主眼的相应值大100倍。4. 如果在外出途中灯不可见，蜘蛛在没有先前行程的光学信息的情况下无法通过光定向进行正确的返回行程。如果它们在巢穴时能看到一盏灯，它们的返回路线会向远离光的方向偏移。没有主眼的动物没有表现出这种效应。5. 没有进行外出行程的蜘蛛不会保持直线行程。视力正常的动物自发表现出负趋光性定向，没有主眼的动物通常是正趋光性。6. 蛛网接触被中断的动物或没有主眼的动物与未处理的动物一样，表现出与正确返回方向类似的偏差。
