Sell S
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208-3479, USA.
Wound Repair Regen. 2001 Nov-Dec;9(6):467-82. doi: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2001.00467.x.
There are three levels of cells in the hepatic lineage that respond to injury or carcinogenesis: the mature hepatocyte, the ductular "bipolar" progenitor cell, and a putative periductular stem cell. Hepatocytes are numerous, and respond rapidly to liver cell loss by one or two cell cycles but can only produce other hepatocytes. The ductular progenitor cells are less numerous, may proliferate for more cycles than hepatocytes, and are generally considered "bipolar," i.e., they can give rise to biliary cells or hepatocytes. Periductular stem cells are rare in the liver, have a very long proliferation potential, and may be multipotent. Extrahepatic (bone marrow) origin of the periductular stem cells is supported by recent data showing that hepatocytes may express genetic markers of donor hematopoietic cells after bone marrow transplantation. These different regenerative cells with variations in potential for proliferation and differentiation may provide different sources of cells for liver transplantation: hepatocytes for treatment of acute liver damage, liver progenitor cell lines for liver-directed gene therapy, and bone marrow-derived cells for chronic long-term liver replacement. A limiting factor in the success of liver cell transplantation is the condition of the hepatic microenvironment in which the cells must proliferate and set up housekeeping.
成熟肝细胞、小胆管“双极”祖细胞和假定的小胆管周围干细胞。肝细胞数量众多，通过一两个细胞周期对肝细胞损失迅速作出反应，但只能产生其他肝细胞。小胆管祖细胞数量较少，可能比肝细胞增殖更多周期，通常被认为是“双极”的，即它们可以产生胆管细胞或肝细胞。小胆管周围干细胞在肝脏中罕见，具有很长的增殖潜能，可能是多能的。小胆管周围干细胞的肝外（骨髓）起源得到了最近数据的支持，这些数据表明骨髓移植后肝细胞可能表达供体造血细胞的遗传标记。这些具有不同增殖和分化潜能的不同再生细胞可能为肝移植提供不同的细胞来源：用于治疗急性肝损伤的肝细胞、用于肝导向基因治疗的肝祖细胞系以及用于慢性长期肝替代的骨髓来源细胞。肝细胞移植成功的一个限制因素是细胞必须在其中增殖并建立正常功能的肝微环境状况。
