Barrett Anna M, Kim Manho, Crucian Gregory P, Heilman Kenneth M
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2002;40(7):1003-12. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00147-6.
Spatial bias may occur in subjects performing a number of cognitive and visual-motor tasks. These include coordinate visuospatial computations (e.g. bisecting a line) and categorical representations of syntactic information (e.g. drawing a picture depicting the action of a sentence). Readers of European languages scan from left-to-right and this learned visual scanning may contribute to leftward spatial bias. In 30 subjects who first learned to read in a top-to-bottom, right-to-left direction (right-left vertical readers, RL), we tested spatial-syntactic bias by reading sentences to subjects, who drew pictures depicting the actions. We noted whether the subject of the sentence was located leftward or rightward of the object. We assessed visual-spatial bias by measuring subjects' accuracy at bisecting lines, and by measuring how closely their drawings on the house-tree-person test were centered on the page. On the spatial-syntactic task, the RL were not right- or left-biased (P=0.581). Korean controls (left-right horizontal readers, LR) also showed no significant spatial-syntactic bias. RL only tended to bisect lines leftward, but displaced house-tree-person drawings left of page center (P<0.001). LR erred leftward on line bisection, and had a smaller magnitude leftward bias on drawing tasks. We conclude that a leftward spatial-syntactic bias may not be innate and does not appear to be influenced by learned reading direction. In contrast, the leftward visual-spatial bias may occur in subjects whose cultural and reading background is neither western nor left-to-right.
在执行一些认知和视觉运动任务的受试者中可能会出现空间偏差。这些任务包括坐标视觉空间计算（例如将一条线二等分）和句法信息的分类表征（例如画出描绘一个句子动作的图片）。欧洲语言的读者从左到右扫描，这种习得的视觉扫描可能会导致向左的空间偏差。在30名首先学习从自上而下、从右到左方向阅读的受试者（右左垂直阅读者，RL）中，我们通过向受试者朗读句子来测试空间句法偏差，受试者画出描绘动作的图片。我们记录句子的主语是位于宾语的左侧还是右侧。我们通过测量受试者二等分线条的准确性，以及通过测量他们在房屋-树木-人物测试中的绘画在页面上的居中程度来评估视觉空间偏差。在空间句法任务中，RL没有向右或向左的偏差（P=0.581）。韩国对照组（左右水平阅读者，LR）也没有表现出明显的空间句法偏差。RL只是倾向于向左二等分线条，但将房屋-树木-人物的绘画移到了页面中心的左侧（P<0.001）。LR在二等分线条时向左出错，并且在绘画任务中向左偏差的程度较小。我们得出结论，向左的空间句法偏差可能不是天生的，并且似乎不受习得的阅读方向的影响。相比之下，向左的视觉空间偏差可能出现在文化和阅读背景既不是西方的也不是从左到右的受试者中。
