Ozdag N
Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir, Turkey.
EDTNA ERCA J. 2001 Oct-Dec;27(4):201-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6686.2001.tb00179.x.
Organ donation and transplantation, although widely accepted as a successful medical procedure, is one of the new concepts in nursing. Organ donation does not occur as often as needed and the reasons for acceptance or refusal are not clear. To meet this demand more organs and tissues need to be recovered from potential donors. Nurses working on transplantation units are given in-service training and gain knowledge through experience. Nurses are in a position to inform, and to ask families to donate organs, and also to inform potential donors on their ward to the units.
A prospective, descriptive and semi-analytic study was designed. Data were collected using 25 structured and semi-structured questionnaires, over a week in April 2000. 3 general and 2 midwifery hospitals were visited and the purpose of the study explained. Staff were asked to participate assuring anonymity. A conference on the issue was offered on completion of the questionnaire if desired. The questionnaire came with an explanation of the purpose of the study, and thanked staff for their participation. They were given to the nurses in charge on each ward, and collected 3 days later by the researchers. The respond rate was 65.6%.
Of the nurses, 87.7% had positive thoughts about the organ donation, but only 10.8% knew the donation law, 68.8% would consider donating organs of their own, 58.7% would consider signing a consent card, and only 36.7% would donate organs from their family members. Although, the majority had positive views about the issue only 34.4% showed willingness to talk to families and ask for donations, 84.0% would inform potential donors in the unit. Adequate knowledge and level of education were the factors effecting acceptance and willingness to be involved in organ harvesting efforts (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05).
The only significant predictors of their acceptance and willingness were education (chi2 = 6.45, p < 0.05), and to have adequate knowledge (chi2 = 21.90, p < 0.001). Nurses were found in need of education about all aspects of brain death and organ donation including how and when to approach families to inform and ask for organs, and how to support families throughout the process. A brochure should be prepared in detail to guide them on this task. More research should be done to clarify the reasons for refusal of organ donation.
器官捐献与移植虽被广泛视为一项成功的医疗程序，但却是护理领域的新概念之一。器官捐献的发生频率未达需求，且接受或拒绝的原因尚不明确。为满足这一需求，需要从潜在捐献者身上获取更多器官和组织。在移植科室工作的护士会接受在职培训并通过经验积累知识。护士有能力告知并请求家属捐献器官，也能将病房中的潜在捐献者信息告知相关科室。
设计了一项前瞻性、描述性和半分析性研究。2000年4月的一周内，通过25份结构化和半结构化问卷收集数据。走访了3家综合医院和2家助产医院，并解释了研究目的。向工作人员保证匿名后邀请他们参与。如有需要，完成问卷后会举办关于该问题的会议。问卷附带了研究目的说明，并感谢工作人员参与。问卷发放给每个病房的护士长，3天后由研究人员收回。回复率为65.6%。
在护士中，87.7%对器官捐献持积极态度，但只有10.8%了解捐献法，68.8%会考虑捐献自己的器官，58.7%会考虑签署同意卡，而只有36.7%会捐献家庭成员的器官。尽管大多数人对该问题持积极看法，但只有34.4%表示愿意与家属交谈并请求捐献，84.0%会告知科室中的潜在捐献者。足够的知识和教育水平是影响接受度和参与器官获取工作意愿的因素（p < 0.001和p < 0.05）。
接受度和意愿的唯一显著预测因素是教育程度（卡方 = 6.45，p < 0.05）以及具备足够的知识（卡方 = 21.90，p < 0.001）。发现护士需要接受关于脑死亡和器官捐献各方面的教育，包括如何以及何时与家属沟通以告知并请求捐献器官，以及如何在整个过程中支持家属。应详细编写一本手册来指导他们完成这项任务。应开展更多研究以阐明拒绝器官捐献的原因。
