用于围手术期热交换的人体模型的构建与评估

Construction and evaluation of a manikin for perioperative heat exchange.

作者信息

Bräuer A, English M J M, Sander H, Timmermann A, Braun U, Weyland W

机构信息

Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

出版信息

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002 Jan;46(1):43-50. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.460108.x.

DOI:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.460108.x

PMID:11903071

Abstract

BACKGROUND

During surgery hypothermia can be avoided only if the heat exchange between the body surface and the environment can be controlled. To allow a systematic analysis of this heat exchange, we constructed and evaluated a copper manikin of the human body.

METHODS

The manikin consists of six tubes (head, trunk, two arms and two legs) painted matt-black to simulate the emissivity of the human skin. Hot-water mattresses are bonded to the inner surface of the copper tubes to set the surface temperature. Calibrated heat flux transducers were placed on the following points to determine the heat exchange coefficient for radiation and convection (hRC) of the manikin: Forehead, chest, abdomen, upper arm, forearm, dorsal hand, anterior thigh, anterior leg and foot. Room temperature was set to 22 degrees C. Surface temperature of the manikin was set between 22 degrees C and 38 degrees C. The hRC was determined by linear regression analysis as the slope of the temperature gradient between the manikin and the room versus the measured heat flux. Subsequently we studied five minimally clothed volunteers in a climate chamber. Initial chamber temperature was set to 29 degrees C and was lowered slowly to 12 degrees C. The hRC was determined as described above for each volunteer.

RESULTS

The hRC of the manikin was 11.0 W m(-2) degrees C(-1) and hRC of the volunteers was 10.8 W m(-2) degrees C(-1).

CONCLUSION

The excellent correlation of hRC between the volunteers and the manikin will allow the manikin to be used for standardised studies of perioperative heat exchange.

摘要

背景

在手术过程中，只有控制体表与环境之间的热交换，才能避免体温过低。为了系统分析这种热交换，我们构建并评估了一个人体铜质模型。

方法

该模型由六根管子（头部、躯干、两条手臂和两条腿）组成，表面涂有哑光黑漆以模拟人体皮肤的发射率。热水床垫粘贴在铜管内表面以设定表面温度。校准后的热通量传感器放置在以下部位，以确定模型辐射和对流的热交换系数（hRC）：额头、胸部、腹部、上臂、前臂、手背、大腿前部、小腿前部和足部。室温设定为22摄氏度。模型的表面温度设定在22摄氏度至38摄氏度之间。通过线性回归分析确定hRC，即模型与房间之间的温度梯度斜率与测量的热通量之比。随后，我们在气候舱中研究了五名穿着极少衣物的志愿者。初始舱温设定为29摄氏度，并缓慢降至12摄氏度。按照上述方法为每位志愿者确定hRC。