Porcine mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of distinct mesenchymal cell lineages.

The potential of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSC) to replicate undifferentiated and to mature into distinct mesenchymal tissues suggests these cells as an attractive source for tissue engineering. The objective was to establish a protocol for the isolation of porcine MSC from bone marrow and to demonstrate their ex vivo differentiation into various mesenchymal tissue cells. MSC from passage 2 were selected for differentiation analysis. Differentiation along the osteogenic lineage was documented by deposition of calcium, visualization of alkaline phosphatase activity, and by analysis of osteogenic marker genes. Adipocytes were identified morphologically and by gene-expression analysis. Deposition of type II collagen and histological staining of proteoglycan indicated chondrogenic differentiation. Therefore, porcine MSC may be introduced as a valuable model system with which to study the mesenchymal lineages for basic research and tissue engineering.