Weber A
Consulting, Assessment, Evaluation, Erlangen, Germany.
Gesundheitswesen. 2002 Feb;64(2):120-4. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-20277.
The early retirement of teachers because of illness is presently a great social and sociomedical problem. In Bavaria, currently more than every second case of early retirement in the profession is the result of psychic or psychosomatic illness. The aim of all preventive measures must therefore be first of all the preservation or restoration of psychic health of teachers. With an underlying comprehensive biopsychosocial understanding of health and performance, preventive measures should take into consideration both circumstances and behaviour, as well as pathogenetic and salutogenetic aspects of the disease. The preventive concept developed under these premises is characterised by the terms interdisciplinary, multidimensional, integrative and institutionalised. Interdisciplinary means the concerted effort of all disciplines involved in the health of teachers. Multidimensional implies action at all levels of disease prevention and includes therapy and rehabilitation. Integrative stands for the formation of networks for optimising processes and the linking of interfaces in the sense of case/disability management. Institutionalised means the creation of structures for co-ordinating and controlling. In addition, potential areas of activity for those involved in prevention, in particular also occupational medicine, are described, resulting in an appeal that the insights gained may be translated into practical reality.
教师因疾病提前退休目前是一个重大的社会和社会医学问题。在巴伐利亚州，目前该职业中每两例提前退休案例中就有一例以上是精神或身心疾病导致的。因此，所有预防措施的首要目标必须是维护或恢复教师的心理健康。基于对健康和工作能力的全面生物心理社会理解，预防措施应兼顾环境和行为，以及疾病的致病和健康促进方面。在这些前提下制定的预防理念具有跨学科、多维度、综合和制度化的特点。跨学科意味着所有涉及教师健康的学科共同努力。多维度意味着在疾病预防的各个层面采取行动，包括治疗和康复。综合意味着形成网络以优化流程，并在病例/残疾管理的意义上连接各个界面。制度化意味着创建协调和控制结构。此外，还描述了预防工作相关人员，特别是职业医学领域人员的潜在活动领域，呼吁将所获得的见解转化为实际行动。
