Nakasono I
Department of Legal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi. 2001 Nov;55(3):299-309.
We researched the application of immunohistochemistry for the purpose of establishing forensic pathological diagnoses. In the present study, we examined the induction and expression of heat shock protein (HSP), oxygen regulated protein (ORP), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) and apolipoprotein E (apo E) in the human brain using forensic autopsy cases as our subjects. Hypoxic/ischemic brain damage. In cases of longer survival and with a history of hypoxic attacks, the proteins HSP and ORP were found in the parieto-occipital lobe and hippocampus. And we are able to observe a weak stain for EAAT2 in almost all asphyxia deaths. Traumatic brain injury (TBI). In traumatic brain injury (TBI), the prolonged induction of iNOS was demonstrated in the neutrophils, microglia/macrophage, and vascular smooth muscle cells in the traumatized brain. Apo E was identified with neurons in the traumatized cortical hemisphere from only a two-hour survival case to long survival cases. To the contrary, there was no positive apo E staining in the contralateral cortical hemisphere at all. In one one-hour survival case, a weak stain for EAAT2 was observed, but intensive expression of EAAT2 was observed from brief to one-day survival cases. Sudden infant death (SID). Numerous ferritin-positive cells were observed in the brain in the cases of pneumonia or myocarditis that we examined. To the contrary, the numbers of ferritin-positive cells were obviously decreased in the cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The transferrin-positive cells were in an inverse proportion to the ferritin positive cells in each SIDS case. Also, numerous ORP-150 positive cells were observed in the brain in cases of pneumonia and the SIDS group. In forensic practice, immunohistochemical investigation of these proteins can be a great value for diagnosing not only the cause of death but also the pathophysiological changes and the victims past history.
我们研究了免疫组织化学在法医病理诊断中的应用。在本研究中，我们以法医尸检病例为研究对象，检测了人脑中热休克蛋白（HSP）、氧调节蛋白（ORP）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）、兴奋性氨基酸转运体2（EAAT2）和载脂蛋白E（apo E）的诱导和表达情况。缺氧/缺血性脑损伤。在存活时间较长且有缺氧发作史的病例中，在顶枕叶和海马体中发现了HSP和ORP蛋白。并且在几乎所有窒息死亡病例中，我们都能观察到EAAT2的弱阳性染色。创伤性脑损伤（TBI）。在创伤性脑损伤（TBI）中，在受伤脑区的中性粒细胞、小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞和血管平滑肌细胞中，iNOS出现了长时间的诱导。从仅存活两小时的病例到存活时间较长的病例，在受伤的皮质半球中，apo E在神经元中被识别出来。相反，对侧皮质半球根本没有apo E阳性染色。在一个存活一小时的病例中，观察到EAAT2的弱阳性染色，但从短暂存活到存活一天的病例中，都观察到了EAAT2的强烈表达。婴儿猝死（SID）。在我们检查的肺炎或心肌炎病例的大脑中，观察到大量铁蛋白阳性细胞。相反，在婴儿猝死综合征（SIDS）病例中，铁蛋白阳性细胞的数量明显减少。在每个SIDS病例中，转铁蛋白阳性细胞与铁蛋白阳性细胞呈反比。此外，在肺炎病例和SIDS组的大脑中，观察到大量ORP-150阳性细胞。在法医实践中，对这些蛋白质进行免疫组织化学研究不仅对诊断死亡原因、病理生理变化，还对了解受害者的既往病史具有重要价值。
