Murillo-Fuentes L, Artillo R, Carreras O, Murillo L
Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Animal, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
Eur J Nutr. 2001 Aug;40(4):147-54. doi: 10.1007/s003940170002.
A fostering/crossfostering analysis of the effects of maternal ethanol exposure on lactation performance and offspring growth was performed. Wistar rats were kept under one of the three experimental nutritional treatments: alcohol-treated (EG), pair-fed-treated (PFG) (as a nutritional control of alcohol-associated malnutrition), and control or normal diet (CG). Rats from the EG group were accustomed to increased amounts of ethanol (5% during the first week to 20% in the fourth week). The 20% ethanol level was maintained throughout three additional weeks and during gestational and lactational period. Daily food intake, fluid consumption, body weight and gestational parameters were studied in control (CG), pair-fed (PFG) and ethanol dams (EG). At birth, half the litters were fostered to other dams of the same treatment (GLG) and half were cross-fostered to dams of the opposite treatment (GG, LG). No cross-fostering analyses were performed on the pair-fed group. Offspring body weight was controlled throughout lactation. Liver, kidney and spleen weights as well as milk consumption were also studied at the end of lactation period. In dams, a significant reduction of body weight was described throughout the suckling period. No ethanol detrimental effects were observed on body weight at birth, but in spite of a normal birth weight, alcohol during lactation was responsible for a growth deficit. Milk consumption was significantly reduced in offspring exposed to ethanol during gestation and/or lactation. Curiously, prenatal alcohol exposure affects adversely the suckling behaviour in pups at the time of weaning. In our study, alcohol treatment and malnutrition affects liver and spleen weights. However, malnutrition decreases spleen weights more than alcohol treatment. In the case of the kidney weights the alcohol decreases kidney weight more than malnutrition. Collectively, the data from the present study show similar effects following pre/postnatal and postnatal alcohol exposure. The findings suggest that chronic alcohol administration during gestation and/or lactation adversely affects pup growth at weaning as indicated by its effect on milk consumption, pup and organ weight.
对母体乙醇暴露对泌乳性能和后代生长的影响进行了寄养/交叉寄养分析。将Wistar大鼠置于三种实验性营养处理之一：乙醇处理组（EG）、配对喂养处理组（PFG）（作为与酒精相关营养不良的营养对照）和对照或正常饮食组（CG）。EG组的大鼠逐渐适应增加的乙醇量（第一周为5%，第四周为20%）。在接下来的三周以及妊娠期和哺乳期，乙醇水平维持在20%。对对照组（CG）、配对喂养组（PFG）和乙醇处理组（EG）的母鼠研究了每日食物摄入量、液体消耗量、体重和妊娠参数。出生时，一半的窝仔被寄养到相同处理的其他母鼠（GLG），另一半被交叉寄养到相反处理的母鼠（GG、LG）。未对配对喂养组进行交叉寄养分析。在整个哺乳期对后代体重进行监测。在哺乳期结束时还研究了肝脏、肾脏和脾脏重量以及乳汁消耗量。在母鼠中，整个哺乳期间体重显著下降。出生时未观察到乙醇对体重有有害影响，但尽管出生体重正常，哺乳期的酒精导致了生长缺陷。在妊娠期和/或哺乳期接触乙醇的后代乳汁消耗量显著降低。奇怪的是，产前酒精暴露对断奶时幼崽的哺乳行为有不利影响。在我们的研究中，酒精处理和营养不良会影响肝脏和脾脏重量。然而，营养不良比酒精处理更能降低脾脏重量。就肾脏重量而言，酒精比营养不良更能降低肾脏重量。总体而言，本研究的数据表明，产前/产后和产后酒精暴露有相似的影响。研究结果表明，妊娠期和/或哺乳期长期给予酒精会对断奶时幼崽的生长产生不利影响，这从其对乳汁消耗量、幼崽和器官重量的影响可以看出。
