Wagner K H, Tomasch R, Elmadfa I
Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria.
Eur J Nutr. 2001 Aug;40(4):161-7. doi: 10.1007/s003940170004.
The effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) rich diets compared to those that are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as well as the effects of an intake of single oils compared to oil mixtures are controversially discussed and results are contradictory.
To evaluate the effects of a plant oil-mixture (olive/sunflower oil; saturated/monounsaturated/polyunsaturated (S/M/P) = 14:69:17) high in oleic acid but also showing a moderate content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in comparison with a single, PUFA rich corn oil (S/M/P = 13:33:54) used in a normal, balanced diet on human plasma and lipoprotein metabolism.
The double-blind designed study comprised 28 healthy, non-smoking young men aged between 19 and 31 years. After two weeks of adjustment (mixed, balanced diet: 11.6 MJ average, average fat intake approximately 105 g/d), the design included a two week test period in which a diet with 80 g corn oil/d vs a mixture of 68 g olive- and 12 g sunflower oil/d (total 80 g) as the main fat source was given, followed by a crossover after two weeks. Compliance and ingestion of diets were monitored by assessing the fatty acid pattern in LDL and by determination of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in plasma and LDL. Results Diets were well incorporated due to the significant changes in plasma- and LDL-tocopherol levels and the significant different average ratio of oleic acid to linoleic acid in LDL. The PUFA-rich corn oil diet was able to reduce low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol from adjustment to T2 significantly (p < 0.01), which was also confirmed by a trend after cross over (p=0.15). Total cholesterol (only after cross over at T3), total triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG were significantly lower at T2 after the corn oil diet than after the mixed oil diet. Total high density lipoproteins (HDL) and HDL cholesterol remained unchanged by both diets.
The results show that during the intervention of two weeks for each diet and the following cross over the corn oil diet had more influence on lipoprotein metabolism than the MUFA-rich diet. The hypocholesteremic effect of the PUFA-rich diet must also be connected with the high amount of unsaponifiable substances, mainly phytosterols in the corn oil.
与富含多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的饮食相比，富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的饮食的效果，以及与混合油相比，单一油类摄入的效果存在争议性讨论，结果相互矛盾。
评估一种富含油酸但也含有适量多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的植物油混合物（橄榄油/葵花籽油；饱和/单不饱和/多不饱和（S/M/P）=14:69:17），与正常均衡饮食中使用的单一富含PUFA的玉米油（S/M/P = 13:33:54）相比，对人体血浆和脂蛋白代谢的影响。
这项双盲设计研究纳入了28名年龄在19至31岁之间的健康、不吸烟的年轻男性。经过两周的调整期（混合均衡饮食：平均11.6兆焦耳，平均脂肪摄入量约105克/天）后，设计包括一个为期两周的测试期，在此期间，分别给予以每天80克玉米油或68克橄榄油与12克葵花籽油的混合物（共80克）作为主要脂肪来源的饮食，两周后进行交叉。通过评估低密度脂蛋白（LDL）中的脂肪酸模式以及测定血浆和LDL中的α-和γ-生育酚来监测饮食的依从性和摄入量。结果 由于血浆和LDL生育酚水平的显著变化以及LDL中油酸与亚油酸平均比例的显著差异，饮食得到了良好的纳入。富含PUFA的玉米油饮食能够使低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇从调整期到T2期显著降低（p < 0.01），交叉后的趋势也证实了这一点（p = 0.15）。玉米油饮食后T2期的总胆固醇（仅在T3期交叉后）、总甘油三酯（TG）和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）-TG显著低于混合油饮食后。两种饮食对总高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和HDL胆固醇均无影响。
结果表明，在每种饮食为期两周的干预及随后的交叉过程中，玉米油饮食对脂蛋白代谢的影响比富含MUFA的饮食更大。富含PUFA饮食的降胆固醇作用也一定与大量不可皂化物质有关，主要是玉米油中的植物甾醇。
