Polycystic kidney disease at end-stage renal disease in the United States: patient characteristics and survival.

BACKGROUND

The patient characteristics and mortality associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have not been characterized for a national sample of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients.

METHODS

375,152 patients in the United States Renal Data System were initiated on ESRD therapy (including patients who eventually received renal transplants) between January 1, 1992 and June 30, 1997 and analyzed in an historical cohort study of polycystic kidney disease.

RESULTS

Of the study population, 5,799 (1.5%) had polycystic kidney disease. In logistic regression, polycystic kidney disease was associated with Caucasian race (odds ratio 3.31, 95% CI, 3.09-3.54), women (1.10, 1.04-1.16), receipt of renal transplant (4.15, 3.87-4.45), peritoneal dialysis (vs. hemodialysis, 1.37, 1.27-1.49), younger age, and more recent year of first treatment for ESRD. Use of pre-dialysis EPO but not the level of serum hemoglobin at initiation of ESRD was significantly higher in patients with polycystic kidney disease. Patients with polycystic kidney disease had lower mortality compared to patients with other causes of ESRD, but patients with polycystic kidney disease had a higher adjusted risk of mortality associated with hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis) compared to patients with other causes of ESRD (hazard ratio 1.40, 1.13-1.75).

CONCLUSIONS

Hematocrit at presentation to ESRD was not significantly different in patients with polycystic kidney disease compared with patients with other causes of ESRD. Peritoneal dialysis is a more frequent modality than hemodialysis in patients with polycystic kidney disease, and patients with polycystic kidney disease had an adjusted survival benefit associated with peritoneal dialysis, compared to patients with other causes of renal disease.