Velázquez Monroy Oscar, Rosas Peralta Martín, Lara Esqueda Agustín, Pastelín Hernández Gustavo, Attie Fause, Tapia Conyer Roberto
Centro Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica, Benjamín Franklin #132, Colonia Escandón, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo C.P. 11800, Mexico D.F.
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2002 Jan-Mar;72(1):71-84.
Hypertension remains as a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity in México. The Health National Survey 2000 of México was performed to analyze the current status of the prevalence of some risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension (HTA), obesity, smoking, and proteinuria.
A National Survey was carried out in México where 45,300 individuals between 20 to 69-y.o. were screened. The estimated sample size was calculated considering the total number of persons into the mentioned age; a minimal prevalence of 6% of the included risk factors, at a significance level of 0.05; a maximum relative error of 0.145, and a rate of response of at least 70%. Diagnosis of HTA was accepted in: previous medical diagnosis with prescription of antihypertensive drugs, or high blood pressure (> or = 140/90 mmHg) detected during the interview. Data were adjusted for the national distribution of age-groups and gender (established in 2000, INEGI).
38,377 (98.8%) individuals were correctly screened for blood pressure. The prevalence of hypertension in México was 30.05% (34.2% in men and 26.3% in women). The prevalence was directly related with age and gender. The percentage of mexicans with HTA after 50-y.o. is > 50%. The prevalence was greater in women after 50-y.o. Among persons with hypertension, treatment was detected in 46% and approximately 20% of them were controlled (< 140/90 mmHg). The percentage of mexicans with HTA who were unaware that they have high blood pressure was 61%. The total percentage of HTA controlled was 14.6%. The North states had the greater prevalence (approximately 34%) of HTA while South states had the lower prevalence (27%). The odds ratio (age/sex-adjusted) for HTA were: for diabetes 1.54(CI95%, 1.44-1.63); for obesity 2.3 (CI 95%, 2.22-2.43); for smoking 1.26 (CI 95%, 1.21-1.32). For proteinuria subjects, 40% had HTA.
Around 15 millions of mexicans between 20 to 69-y.o. had hypertension, 60% of them are unaware. The prevalence of hypertension in México (30.05%) has increased. Among persons with hypertension -15% are controlled. The North of México has the higher prevalence of hypertension. Diabetes, smoking, and obesity increase the risk of hypertension. The 2000 National Survey of Health shows the epidemiological trend in several important chronic diseases in México and declare an urgent need of new strategies for detection, control and treatment of hypertension.
高血压仍是墨西哥心血管疾病发病的主要原因。墨西哥2000年全国健康调查旨在分析糖尿病、高血压（HTA）、肥胖、吸烟和蛋白尿等一些风险因素的流行现状。
在墨西哥开展了一项全国性调查，对45300名20至69岁的个体进行了筛查。根据上述年龄人群总数计算估计样本量；纳入风险因素的最低患病率为6%，显著性水平为0.05；最大相对误差为0.145，应答率至少为70%。高血压的诊断标准为：既往有高血压药物处方的医学诊断，或访谈期间检测到的高血压（收缩压≥140 mmHg和/或舒张压≥90 mmHg）。数据根据全国年龄组和性别的分布情况（2000年由墨西哥国家统计与地理研究所确定）进行了调整。
38377名（98.8%）个体的血压筛查结果准确。墨西哥高血压患病率为30.05%（男性为34.2%，女性为26.3%）。患病率与年龄和性别直接相关。50岁以上墨西哥人患高血压的比例超过50%。50岁以上女性患病率更高。在高血压患者中，46%接受了治疗，其中约20%得到了控制（收缩压<140 mmHg和舒张压<90 mmHg）。不知道自己患有高血压的墨西哥高血压患者比例为61%。高血压总体控制率为14.6%。北部各州高血压患病率较高（约34%），而南部各州患病率较低（27%）。高血压的优势比（年龄/性别调整后）为：糖尿病患者为1.54（95%置信区间，1.44 - 1.63）；肥胖患者为2.3（95%置信区间，2.22 - 2.43）；吸烟患者为1.26（95%置信区间，1.21 - 1.32）。蛋白尿患者中，40%患有高血压。
在20至69岁的墨西哥人中约有1500万人患有高血压，其中60%未意识到自己患病。墨西哥高血压患病率（30.05%）有所上升。高血压患者中15%得到了控制。墨西哥北部高血压患病率较高。糖尿病、吸烟和肥胖会增加患高血压的风险。2000年全国健康调查显示了墨西哥几种重要慢性病的流行病学趋势，并表明迫切需要制定新的高血压检测、控制和治疗策略。
