Fukushima Junji, Kainoh Yooichi, Honda Hiroshi, Takabayashi Junji
Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
J Chem Ecol. 2002 Mar;28(3):579-86. doi: 10.1023/a:1014548213671.
Learning of host-induced plant volatiles by Cotesia kariyai females was examined with synthetic chemicals in a wind tunnel. Wasps were preconditioned by exposure to volatiles and feces simultaneously. A blend of four chemicals, geranyl acetate, beta-caryophyllene, (E)-beta-farnesene, and indole, which are known to be specifically released from plants infested by host larvae Mythimna separata (host-induced blend), elicited a response in naive C. kariyai, but did not enhance the response after conditioning. A blend of five chemicals, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, beta-myrcene, and linalool, which are known to be released not only from plants infested by the host larvae, but also from artificially damaged plants or undamaged ones (unspecific blend), elicited little response in naive wasps, but significantly enhanced the wasps' response after conditioning. With a blend of the above nine chemicals, wasps could learn the blend at lower concentrations than they did in the nonspecific blend. Hence, both the host-induced and nonspecific volatile compounds appear to be important for C. kariyai females to learn the chemical cues in host location.
在风洞中使用合成化学物质研究了甘蓝夜蛾茧蜂雌蜂对寄主诱导的植物挥发物的学习情况。黄蜂通过同时接触挥发物和粪便进行预处理。由四种化学物质组成的混合物，即乙酸香叶酯、β-石竹烯、（E）-β-法尼烯和吲哚，已知这些物质是由被寄主幼虫粘虫侵害的植物（寄主诱导混合物）特异性释放的，能引起未接触过的甘蓝夜蛾茧蜂的反应，但在预处理后并未增强这种反应。由五种化学物质组成的混合物，即（E）-2-己烯醛、（Z）-3-己烯-1-醇、（Z）-3-己烯-1-基乙酸酯、β-月桂烯和芳樟醇，已知这些物质不仅从被寄主幼虫侵害的植物中释放，也从人工损伤的植物或未损伤的植物中释放（非特异性混合物），在未接触过的黄蜂中引起的反应很小，但在预处理后显著增强了黄蜂的反应。使用上述九种化学物质的混合物，黄蜂能够在比非特异性混合物更低的浓度下学习该混合物。因此，寄主诱导的挥发性化合物和非特异性挥发性化合物似乎对甘蓝夜蛾茧蜂雌蜂学习寄主定位中的化学线索都很重要。
