Mashazi M I, Roos S D
Curationis. 2000 Dec;23(4):98-106. doi: 10.4102/curationis.v23i4.765.
In this study an explorative, descriptive design which is contextual in nature, is utilized. The objective of the study is three-fold: Firstly, to describe the opinions of members of the community about the reasons for the under-utilization of the Midwifery Obstetrical Unit (MOU); secondly, to describe the suggestions of the community for improving the utilization of the MOU and thirdly, to describe intervention strategies for community nurses to improve the utilization of the MOU. Data was collected by means of focus group interviews, and was analysed using Tesch's (in Cresswell, 1994: 154-155) method of data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by using the method of Guba and Lincoln (1985). The respondents were mothers who delivered their babies at the hospital, mothers who delivered their babies at the MOU, members of the Community Health Committee and MOU nurses. Data was collected in two phases. Phase I dealt with the first question: What is your opinion about the reasons for the under-utilization of the MOU? Phase II dealt with the second question: What are your suggestions for improving the utilization of the MOU? The four groups participated in Phase I as well as in Phase II, the reason being to involve the groups in identifying problems and finding solutions with which they would be comfortable, since it would be their ideas. This whole exercise was, however, carried out in line with the RDP principle of people driven approach or community involvement. The investigation revealed that the community was not utilizing the MOU because of the following reasons: Negative attitudes of nurses. Lack of material and human resources. Poor safety and security measures. Lack of community involvement/participation. The focus groups then identified the following suggestions for improving the utilization of the MOU: Change of attitudes by nurses towards the patients. Availability of material and human resources. Proper safety and security measures in the MOU. Community involvement/participation. Integration of health services. Intervention strategies for community nurses to improve the utilization of the MOU were based on the literature as well as the suggestions made by the focus group respondents because the researcher found the suggestions to be realistic.
在本研究中，采用了本质上基于情境的探索性描述性设计。该研究的目标有三个方面：第一，描述社区成员对助产产科单元（MOU）利用不足原因的看法；第二，描述社区对提高MOU利用率的建议；第三，描述社区护士提高MOU利用率的干预策略。通过焦点小组访谈收集数据，并使用特施（Tesch，见克雷斯韦尔，1994：154 - 155）的数据分析方法进行分析。采用古巴和林肯（1985）的方法确保可信度。受访者包括在医院分娩的母亲、在MOU分娩的母亲、社区卫生委员会成员和MOU护士。数据收集分两个阶段进行。第一阶段处理第一个问题：你对MOU利用不足的原因有什么看法？第二阶段处理第二个问题：你对提高MOU利用率有什么建议？这四个群体参与了第一阶段和第二阶段，原因是让这些群体参与识别问题并找到他们会认同的解决方案，因为这将是他们自己的想法。然而，整个活动是按照以人为本或社区参与的重建与发展计划（RDP）原则进行的。调查显示，社区未充分利用MOU是由于以下原因：护士的负面态度、缺乏物资和人力资源、安全保障措施不佳、缺乏社区参与。然后，焦点小组确定了以下提高MOU利用率的建议：护士改变对患者的态度、提供物资和人力资源、在MOU采取适当的安全保障措施、社区参与、整合卫生服务。基于文献以及焦点小组受访者提出的建议制定了社区护士提高MOU利用率的干预策略，因为研究人员认为这些建议是现实可行的。
