de Serres F J
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
Life Sci Space Res. 1969;7:62-6.
The results of recent experiments with the lysogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, the bread mold Neurospora crassa and the flowering plant Tradescantia on the Biosatellite II and Gemini XI Missions will be summarized. In the lysogenic bacteria experiment (Dr. Rudolf H.T. Mattoni, NUS Corporation) on the Biosatellite II mission significant effects of space flight were found on both growth rate and the induction of prophage. In that part of the Neurospora experiment on both the Biosatellite II and Gemini XI Missions (Dr. J.F. de Serres), utilizing non-dividing and inactive spores, no difference was found in the genetic effects of radiation between the flight and ground samples. In that portion of the Neurospora experiment on the Gemini XI mission utilizing rapidly-metabolizing spores the genetic effects of radiation were less serious in the flight samples than the ground samples. In the Tradescantia experiment (Dr. A.H. Sparrow, Brookhaven National Laboratory) on the Biosatellite II Mission, the irradiated flight material, in general, produced increased rates of cell death, abortion of pollen, loss of reproductive integrity, as well as other abnormalities in cell structure and function. In some of the experiments there were found significantly genetic effects of space flight alone, and the enhancement of various genetic effects of radiation under weightlessness was no more than 2- or 3-fold.
将总结近期在生物卫星二号和双子星十一号任务中，使用溶源性细菌（大肠杆菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）、面包霉菌粗糙脉孢菌以及开花植物紫露草所做实验的结果。在生物卫星二号任务中的溶源性细菌实验（鲁道夫·H.T. 马托尼博士，NUS 公司）里，发现太空飞行对生长速率和原噬菌体诱导均有显著影响。在生物卫星二号和双子星十一号任务中的粗糙脉孢菌实验部分（J.F. 德塞雷斯博士），使用不分裂且无活性的孢子时，飞行样本和地面样本在辐射的遗传效应方面未发现差异。在双子星十一号任务中粗糙脉孢菌实验的该部分，使用快速代谢的孢子时，飞行样本中辐射的遗传效应比地面样本中的要轻。在生物卫星二号任务中的紫露草实验（A.H. 斯帕罗博士，布鲁克海文国家实验室）里，经辐射的飞行材料总体上细胞死亡率增加、花粉败育、生殖完整性丧失，以及细胞结构和功能出现其他异常情况。在一些实验中，发现仅太空飞行就有显著的遗传效应，并且在失重状态下辐射的各种遗传效应增强不超过两到三倍。
