Filley Christopher M
Behavioral Neurology Section, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, USA.
Semin Speech Lang. 2002 May;23(2):89-98. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-24985.
Attention is a complex neurobehavioral domain that is essential for all higher functions. Large areas of the brain are devoted to attention, reflecting its importance in the entire range of mental operations. Currently, two major distributed neural networks are recognized as mediating complementary aspects of attentional function. One is a diffuse system that distributes attention globally. This attentional system is subserved by a widespread network of thalamic and bihemispheric structures in which the frontal lobes are particularly important. The second network, a focal system that distributes attention to salient aspects of spatial experience, is lateralized to frontal and parietal regions of the right hemisphere. Both attentional networks are comprised of cortical and subcortical gray matter structures, as well as connecting white matter tracts that integrate these regions into functional ensembles. Neurological disorders frequently produce dramatic syndromes reflecting dysfunction of these networks. Among these syndromes are the acute confusional state, which results from disturbance of the diffuse system, and left neglect, which follows disruption of the right hemisphere system. The neuroanatomy of attention is crucial for understanding important neurobehavioral syndromes and their treatment.
注意力是一个复杂的神经行为领域，对所有高级功能至关重要。大脑的大片区域都用于注意力，这反映了它在整个心理活动范围内的重要性。目前，两个主要的分布式神经网络被认为介导了注意力功能的互补方面。一个是将注意力全局分布的弥散系统。这个注意力系统由广泛的丘脑和双侧半球结构网络支持，其中额叶尤为重要。第二个网络是将注意力分配到空间体验显著方面的聚焦系统，它定位于右半球的额叶和顶叶区域。两个注意力网络都由皮质和皮质下灰质结构以及将这些区域整合为功能整体的连接白质束组成。神经系统疾病经常产生反映这些网络功能障碍的显著综合征。这些综合征包括由弥散系统紊乱导致的急性意识模糊状态，以及右半球系统受损后的左侧忽视。注意力的神经解剖学对于理解重要的神经行为综合征及其治疗至关重要。
