Muri G, Cermelj B, Faganeli J, Brancelj A
Department of Freshwater and Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Chemosphere. 2002 Mar;46(8):1225-34. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(01)00295-8.
Black carbon (BC) contents were measured in recent sediments in five high altitude remote alpine lakes, i.e. Lake Krisko Sup., Lake Ledvica, Lake Planina, Lake Krn and Lovrensko Lake, and the eutrophic subalpine Lake Bled in Slovenia to follow the history of atmospheric pollution of fossil fuel and local biomass burning in Alps. Organic carbon (OC), its 13C values, total nitrogen and sedimentation rates using 210Pb activity data were also measured. The highest BC contents, reaching 20 mg/gdw, were noted in remote alpine lakes while in the subalpine Lake Bled sediment the concentrations were lower reaching 5 mg/gdw. Lower BC/OC ratios, ranging between 4% and 8%, were typical for remote alpine lakes and increased to about 10% in subalpine Lake Bled. The latter clearly shows the marked importance of local direct pollution sources in comparison to remote atmospheric input which decreases in a W-E direction in parallel with decreasing amounts of precipitation. Based on 210Pb sedimentation data, the minimal BC accumulation rates in sediment cores were detected in the pre-industrialisation period. In the last decades of 20th century the BC contents decreased probably due to reduced emission of pollutants.
对斯洛文尼亚的五个高海拔偏远高山湖泊（即克里斯科湖上游、莱德维察湖、普拉尼纳湖、克尔恩湖和洛夫伦斯科湖）以及富营养化的亚高山布莱德湖近期沉积物中的黑碳（BC）含量进行了测量，以追踪阿尔卑斯山化石燃料大气污染和当地生物质燃烧的历史。还测量了有机碳（OC）、其碳-13值、总氮以及利用210Pb活度数据得到的沉积速率。在偏远高山湖泊中观测到最高的黑碳含量，达到20毫克/克干重，而在亚高山布莱德湖沉积物中，浓度较低，达到5毫克/克干重。偏远高山湖泊中典型的黑碳/有机碳比值较低，在4%至8%之间，而在亚高山布莱德湖则增加到约10%。后者清楚地表明，与远程大气输入相比，当地直接污染源具有显著重要性，远程大气输入在东西方向上随着降水量的减少而减少。根据210Pb沉积数据，在工业化前时期检测到沉积物岩心中最小的黑碳积累速率。在20世纪的最后几十年里，黑碳含量可能由于污染物排放减少而下降。
