Powell Nelson B, Schechtman Kenneth B, Riley Robert W, Li Kasey, Guilleminault Christian
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University Medical School, and the Stanford Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Stanford, California, USA.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002 Mar;126(3):217-27. doi: 10.1067/mhn.2002.122699.
The study goals were to evaluate the associated risks of driving and to assess predictors of accidents and injury due to sleepiness.
A cross-sectional Internet-linked survey was designed to elicit data on driving habits, sleepiness, accidents, and injuries during the preceding 3 years. Statistical analysis included logistic models with covariate-adjusted P values of <0.01 (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals or limits). Independent accident predictors were sought.
Responses from 10,870 drivers were evaluated. The mean +/- SD age was 36.9 +/- 13 years; 61% were women and 85% were white. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale overall baseline score was 7.4 +/- 4.2 (for drivers with no accidents) and ranged to 12.7 +/- 7.2 (for drivers with > or = 4 accidents) (P = < 0.0001). Twenty-three percent of all respondents experienced > or = 1 accident. Among respondents who reported > or = 4 accidents, a strong association existed for the most recent accident to include injury (P < 0.0001). Sleep disorders were reported by 22.5% of all respondents, with a significantly higher prevalence (35%, P = 0.002) for drivers who had been involved in > or = 3 accidents.
Factors of sleepiness were strongly associated with a greater risk of automobile accidents. Predictors were identified that may contribute to accidents and injury when associated with sleepiness and driving.
本研究的目标是评估驾驶相关风险，并评估因困倦导致事故和受伤的预测因素。
设计了一项与互联网相关的横断面调查，以获取过去3年中驾驶习惯、困倦、事故和受伤情况的数据。统计分析包括协变量调整P值<0.01的逻辑模型（比值比和95%置信区间或界限）。寻找独立的事故预测因素。
对10870名驾驶员的回复进行了评估。平均年龄±标准差为36.9±13岁；61%为女性，85%为白人。Epworth困倦量表总体基线评分在无事故驾驶员中为7.4±4.2，在发生4次及以上事故的驾驶员中为12.7±7.2（P<0.0001）。23%的所有受访者经历过1次及以上事故。在报告发生4次及以上事故的受访者中，最近一次事故导致受伤的关联性很强（P<0.0001）。22.5%的所有受访者报告有睡眠障碍，在发生3次及以上事故的驾驶员中患病率显著更高（35%，P=0.002）。
困倦因素与更高的汽车事故风险密切相关。确定了与困倦和驾驶相关时可能导致事故和受伤的预测因素。
