Park Jeffrey, Levin Vadim
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, Post Office Box 208109, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA.
Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):485-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1067319.
Elastic anisotropy is present where the speed of a seismic wave depends on its direction. In Earth's mantle, elastic anisotropy is induced by minerals that are preferentially oriented in a directional flow or deformation. Earthquakes generate two seismic wave types: compressional (P) and shear (S) waves, whose coupling in anisotropic rocks leads to scattering, birefringence, and waves with hybrid polarizations. This varied behavior is helping geophysicists explore rock textures within Earth's mantle and crust, map present-day upper-mantle convection, and study the formation of lithospheric plates and the accretion of continents in Earth history.
弹性各向异性存在于地震波速度取决于其传播方向的地方。在地球地幔中，弹性各向异性是由在定向流动或变形中优先定向的矿物引起的。地震产生两种地震波类型：压缩波（P波）和剪切波（S波），它们在各向异性岩石中的耦合会导致散射、双折射以及具有混合极化的波。这种多样的行为有助于地球物理学家探索地球地幔和地壳内的岩石纹理、绘制当今上地幔对流图，以及研究岩石圈板块的形成和地球历史中大陆的增生。
