Solovyev A A, Terekhin V A, Tikhonchuk V T, Altgilbers L L
Russian Federal Nuclear Center, All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Physics, Sarov 607190, Russia.
Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics. 1999 Dec;60(6 Pt B):7360-8. doi: 10.1103/physreve.60.7360.
A physical model is proposed for description of electron kinetics driven by a powerful electromagnetic pulse in the Earth's atmosphere. The model is based on a numerical solution to the Boltzmann kinetic equation for two groups of electrons. Slow electrons (with energies below a few keV) are described in a two-term approximation assuming a weak anisotropy of the electron distribution function. Fast electrons (with energies above a few keV) are described by a modified macroparticle method, taking into account the electron acceleration in the electric field, energy losses in the continuous deceleration approximation, and the multiple pitch angle scattering. The model is applied to a problem of the electric discharge in a nitrogen, which is preionized by an external gamma-ray source. It is shown that the runaway electrons have an important effect on the energy distribution of free electrons, and on the avalanche ionization rate. This mechanism might explain the observation of multiple lightning discharges observed in the Ivy-Mike thermonuclear test in the early 1950's.
提出了一个物理模型，用于描述地球大气中由强电磁脉冲驱动的电子动力学。该模型基于对两组电子的玻尔兹曼动力学方程的数值解。慢电子（能量低于几keV）在两项近似下进行描述，假设电子分布函数具有弱各向异性。快电子（能量高于几keV）通过改进的宏粒子方法进行描述，考虑了电场中的电子加速、连续减速近似下的能量损失以及多次俯仰角散射。该模型应用于由外部伽马射线源预电离的氮气中的放电问题。结果表明，逃逸电子对自由电子的能量分布以及雪崩电离率有重要影响。这种机制可能解释了20世纪50年代初在艾维 - 迈克热核试验中观察到的多次闪电放电现象。
