Mussweiler Thomas
University of Würzburg, Germany.
Exp Psychol. 2002;49(1):67-72. doi: 10.1027//1618-3169.49.1.67.
Anchoring effects--the assimilation of a numeric estimate to a previously considered standard--are typically described as very robust and persistent. Based on the assumption that judgmental anchoring involves a hypothesis-testing process in which judges actively seek and generate judgment-relevant target knowledge, it was assumed that anchoring effects might at the same time be fairly malleable. Specifically, subtle influences that change the nature of the tested hypothesis are likely to affect the magnitude of anchoring. Using a procedural priming task, judges were induced to focus on similarities versus differences during a series of anchoring tasks. The results demonstrate that the magnitude of the obtained effect critically depended on this manipulation. In particular, a more pronounced anchoring assimilation effect resulted for judges with a similarity rather than a difference focus. Implications of these findings for models of anchoring as well as for the nature of the anchoring phenomenon are discussed.
锚定效应——将数值估计与先前考虑的标准进行同化——通常被描述为非常稳健且持久。基于判断性锚定涉及一个假设检验过程的假设，即判断者积极寻求并生成与判断相关的目标知识，有人认为锚定效应可能同时具有相当大的可塑性。具体而言，改变被检验假设性质的微妙影响可能会影响锚定的程度。通过一个程序启动任务，在一系列锚定任务中引导判断者关注相似性与差异性。结果表明，所获得效应的程度关键取决于这种操纵。特别是，对于关注相似性而非差异性的判断者，会产生更明显的锚定同化效应。讨论了这些发现对锚定模型以及锚定现象本质的影响。
