Effects of stimulus-induced saccades on manual response times in healthy elderly and in patients with right-parietal lesions.

Response delays of hemi-neglect patients to invalidly cued left targets in Posner's visual cueing task have been interpreted as reflecting disorders of covert attention, although shifts of overt attention have so far not been systematically measured in patients performing this task. Therefore, we measured saccades (i.e., fast goal-directed eye movements) induced by cues and targets in this task in ten patients with lesions of the right posterior parietal cortex and in age-matched healthy subjects. Participants were not aware that their saccades were studied. Of greatest interest was whether the presence or absence of saccades would modify the patients' response delay with invalidly cued left targets. In both groups, saccades occurred in many trials, key-press responses were slower in saccade trials than in no-saccade trials, and the delay by invalid cues was larger in saccade trials. The patients' responses were in particular delayed if preceded by saccades to the left. Their delay to invalidly cued left targets almost doubled (144 ms vs 76 ms) when only saccade trials were analyzed compared to when only no-saccade trials were analyzed. Thus, overt shifts (saccades) have a similar but larger effect on manual responses than covert shifts of attention. In particular, overt shifts make a considerable contribution to the patients' pathological delay of responses to invalidly cued left targets.