Leitch Robert A, Moses Gerald R, Magee Harvey
Casualty Care Research Center, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA.
Mil Med. 2002 Apr;167(4):350-4.
The U.S. military currently faces serious difficulties in training medical personnel in peacetime for the tasks of war. The military beneficiary population comprises fit young service men and women, their dependents, and retirees. Their peacetime care, although vital, does little to prepare military medical personnel for war. Medical commanders have instituted an array of training programs to compensate for this shortfall, but there remains a large gap between operational medical needs and training opportunities in peacetime. The military has begun to examine whether simulation can fill this gap. An array of commercial, off-the-shelf technologies are already being used with varying degrees of success, and major initiatives are under way in both academia and industry, supported by the military, to develop virtual reality products for combat medical training. Even as the military exploits emerging technology and begins to articulate a simulation strategy, there is a growing interest in civilian medicine in the potential for simulation to affect patient safety--how medical simulation might mitigate the injuries and deaths caused by medical errors--and how it might also improve the quality of medical education and training.
美国军方目前在和平时期培训医务人员以执行战争任务方面面临严重困难。军事受益人群包括健康的年轻男女军人、他们的家属以及退休人员。他们在和平时期的医疗护理虽然至关重要，但对让军事医务人员为战争做准备作用不大。医疗指挥官已经制定了一系列培训计划来弥补这一不足，但和平时期作战医疗需求与培训机会之间仍存在很大差距。军方已开始研究模拟是否能填补这一差距。一系列现成的商业技术已经在不同程度上得到应用并取得了成功，并且在军方支持下，学术界和工业界都在开展重大举措，以开发用于战斗医疗训练的虚拟现实产品。即使军方在利用新兴技术并开始阐明模拟战略，民用医学领域对模拟在影响患者安全方面的潜力——医学模拟如何减轻医疗失误导致的伤害和死亡——以及它如何还能提高医学教育和培训质量的兴趣也在日益增加。
