Bash Jeffrey S, Ryan Clare M
Yamhill Basin Council, Yamhill Soil and Water Conservation District, McMinnville, Oregon 97128, USA.
Environ Manage. 2002 Jun;29(6):877-85. doi: 10.1007/s00267-001-0066-3.
Declines in salmon stocks and general watershed health in Washington State, USA, have led to an increase in stream restoration and enhancement projects initiated throughout the state. The increasing number of projects has also raised questions regarding the monitoring of these efforts. Project managers receiving hydraulic project approvals (HPAs) were surveyed to determine whether monitoring was taking place on their projects. About half the project managers surveyed reported the collection of baseline data and the use of biological, physical, chemical, or other water quality measures for their projects. Of those who reported collection of monitoring data, only 18% indicated that monitoring was required. Respondents were also asked to rank the importance of various project goals on a Likert scale. Project managers with projects focusing on "engineering" goals (e.g., roadbed stabilization) were less likely than other project managers to collect baseline monitoring data. Project managers with projects focusing on "restoration/ecological" or "fisheries" goals were more likely than other project managers to collect monitoring measures. Although monitoring appears to be taking place in slightly more than half of the projects surveyed, the nature of the data collected varies widely across projects, and in most cases the monitoring effort is voluntary. This suggests that project sponsors, funders, and managers must consider the issues involved in requiring appropriate monitoring, establishing standardized monitoring guidelines, the time frames in which to monitor, providing other incentives for conducting monitoring, and ensuring adequate funding for monitoring efforts.
美国华盛顿州鲑鱼种群数量的下降以及流域整体健康状况的恶化，导致该州各地启动的溪流修复与改善项目有所增加。项目数量的增多也引发了有关这些项目监测工作的问题。对获得水利项目批准（HPA）的项目经理进行了调查，以确定他们的项目是否正在进行监测。约一半接受调查的项目经理报告称已为其项目收集了基线数据，并使用了生物、物理、化学或其他水质测量方法。在那些报告收集了监测数据的人中，只有18%表示监测是必需的。还要求受访者按照李克特量表对各种项目目标的重要性进行排序。专注于“工程”目标（如路基稳定）的项目经理比其他项目经理收集基线监测数据的可能性更小。专注于“修复/生态”或“渔业”目标的项目经理比其他项目经理更有可能收集监测措施。尽管在略多于一半的被调查项目中似乎正在进行监测，但不同项目所收集数据的性质差异很大，而且在大多数情况下监测工作是自愿的。这表明项目主办方、资助方和管理者必须考虑在要求进行适当监测、制定标准化监测指南、监测的时间框架、为开展监测提供其他激励措施以及确保监测工作有足够资金等方面所涉及的问题。
