Gruber Amanda J, Pope Harrison G
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002 Apr;49(2):389-413. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(01)00011-6.
More than half of US adolescents will experiment with marijuana. Of those who try marijuana more than once, approximately one third will subsequently use marijuana regularly, although most will have stopped by their late 20s. Although genetic predisposition plays the most important role in determining who will develop dependence, environmental factors influence who will initiate marijuana use. One of the challenges for prevention and treatment programs is that the immediate adverse effects of marijuana use are not extreme, and many adolescents have difficulty in making decisions based on future risks. Therefore, the consequences of leaving school early, having unprotected sex, and driving while intoxicated are often insufficient to deter adolescents from using marijuana. Thus, it is not surprising that current prevention and treatment programs have had limited success in decreasing the rates of initiation and regular use of marijuana among adolescents. However, the accumulation of data about marijuana use in adolescents has the potential to enable the development of more effective prevention and treatment programs.
超过半数的美国青少年会尝试吸食大麻。在那些不止一次尝试过大麻的青少年中，约有三分之一随后会经常吸食大麻，不过大多数人到快30岁时就会停止。虽然遗传易感性在决定谁会产生依赖方面起着最重要的作用，但环境因素会影响谁会开始吸食大麻。预防和治疗项目面临的挑战之一是，吸食大麻的直接不良影响并不极端，而且许多青少年难以基于未来风险做出决策。因此，过早辍学、进行无保护性行为以及醉酒驾车的后果往往不足以阻止青少年吸食大麻。所以，当前的预防和治疗项目在降低青少年开始吸食大麻及经常吸食大麻的比例方面成效有限也就不足为奇了。然而，有关青少年吸食大麻的数据积累有可能促成更有效的预防和治疗项目的开发。
