Lathers Claire M, Smith Cedric M
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 May;42(5):477-91. doi: 10.1177/00912700222011535.
The First Teaching Clinic in Clinical Pharmacology, sponsored by the American College of Clinical Pharmacology in September 1992, was designed for the preparation and development of new clinical pharmacology problem-solving (CPPS) units. CPPS units are case histories that illustrate pertinent principles in clinical pharmacology. Each unit consists of the following sections: introduction, learning objectives, pretest, four clinical pharmacology scenarios, posttest, answers to pre- and posttest questions, and selected references. The clinical pharmacology content of the CPPS units place greater emphasis on clinical information, drug selection, and risk/benefit analyses, and thus they complement the basic pharmacology presented in the patient-oriented problem-solving (POPS) units. In general, the CPPS units are intended for use by students more advanced in clinical pharmacology than first- and second-year medical students. The CPPS unit "Clinical Pharmacology of Antiepileptic Drug Use: Clinical Pearls about the Perils of Patty" was developed for use by third- and fourth-year medical students doing rotations in neurology or clinical pharmacology; advanced pharmacy students; residents in neurology, pediatrics, internal medicine, and family practice; fellows in clinical pharmacology, and those taking the board examination in clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Geriatric Clinical Psychopharmacology" was written for third- and fourth-year medical students; residents in psychiatry, family practice, and internal medicine;fellows in clinical pharmacology; and those studying for boards in clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit "Anisocoria and Glaucoma" was written for more advanced students of clinical pharmacology. The CPPS unit titled "Antiepileptic Drugs" was intended for second-year medical students. The second teaching clinic was held in November 1993 and focused on the development and editing of the CPPS units and their evaluations by faculty and students from academic centers. Evaluations by faculty and students have been overwhelmingly positive. Requests to use the CPPS units in various clinical pharmacology teaching programs were received from numerous schools within the United States and from abroad. The third teaching clinic in September 1995 included a follow-up focused on the uses of drug information databases in case problem exercises. These examples are presented to demonstrate the variety of educational activities the American College of Clinical Pharmacology is sponsoring to fulfill its strategic initiative dedicated to offer innovative teaching programs and to develop new teaching materials in clinical pharmacology. Collectively, all of the teaching clinics, symposia, and workshop efforts, sponsored by the various academic professional societies alone or together over the past decade, are necessary if new and innovative teaching materials in the field of basic science and in the fields of pharmacology and clinical pharmacology are to be continuously developed to keep pace with the new, rapidly changing developments in medicine to provide the best treatment for patients in the 21st century.
1992年9月由美国临床药理学院主办的首届临床药理学教学诊所，旨在筹备和发展新的临床药理学问题解决（CPPS）单元。CPPS单元是阐述临床药理学相关原理的病例记录。每个单元包括以下部分：引言、学习目标、预测试、四个临床药理学案例、后测试、预测试和后测试问题的答案以及参考文献。CPPS单元的临床药理学内容更加强调临床信息、药物选择和风险/效益分析，因此它们补充了以患者为导向的问题解决（POPS）单元中呈现的基础药理学内容。一般来说，CPPS单元供临床药理学方面比一、二年级医学生更高级的学生使用。CPPS单元“抗癫痫药物使用的临床药理学：关于帕蒂风险的临床要点”是为在神经科或临床药理学轮转的三、四年级医学生、高级药学专业学生、神经科、儿科、内科和家庭医学住院医师、临床药理学研究员以及参加临床药理学资格考试的人员编写的。标题为“老年临床精神药理学”的CPPS单元是为三、四年级医学生、精神病学、家庭医学和内科住院医师、临床药理学研究员以及参加临床药理学资格考试的人员编写的。CPPS单元“瞳孔不等大和青光眼”是为临床药理学更高级的学生编写的。标题为“抗癫痫药物”的CPPS单元是为二年级医学生编写的。第二届教学诊所于1993年11月举行，重点是CPPS单元的开发、编辑以及学术中心的教师和学生对其进行评估。教师和学生的评估结果总体上是积极的。美国国内和国外的众多学校都请求在各种临床药理学教学项目中使用CPPS单元。1995年9月的第三届教学诊所进行了一次后续跟进，重点是药物信息数据库在病例问题练习中的应用。展示这些例子是为了说明美国临床药理学院正在开展的各种教育活动，以实现其战略倡议，即致力于提供创新的教学项目并开发临床药理学方面的新教材。过去十年中，由各个学术专业协会单独或共同赞助的所有教学诊所、研讨会和讲习班活动，如果要不断开发基础科学领域以及药理学和临床药理学领域的新的创新教材，以跟上医学领域迅速变化的新发展，从而为21世纪的患者提供最佳治疗，那么这些活动都是必要的。
