Donovan D C, Franklin S T, Chase C C L, Hippen A R
Department of Dairy Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0647, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2002 Apr;85(4):947-50. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74153-2.
Forty-five Holstein calves were fed milk replacers containing either antibiotics [MRA (oxytetracycline at 138 mg/kg and neomycin at 276 mg/kg), n = 22)] or Enteroguard [MRE, a blend of fructooligosaccharides, allicin, and gut-active microbes at (129 mg/kg, n = 23)] from birth to 5 wk of age to compare effects on average daily gain and on incidence of scours. Performance was evaluated by measuring weight gain, feed efficiency, and fecal scores. The overall body weight gains and severity of scours were not different between treatments, nor were there differences in starter intake or mean body weight gain. During wk 2, the average gain of calves fed MRA was less than that of calves fed MRE (0.07 vs. 0.09 kg/d, P = 0.09), and greater during wk 5 (0.62 vs. 0.51 kg/d, P < 0.01); however, total gain for calves fed MRE was not different from calves fed MRA. Likewise, average feed efficiencies (gain/dry matter intake) were not different. Severity of scours, as measured by fecal scores, and concentrations of serum proteins, an indirect measure of immunoglobulins, were similar for calves fed MRA and MRE. The results suggest that antibiotics in milk replacers can be replaced with compounds such as fructooligosaccharides, probiotics, and allicin to obtain similar calf performance.
45头荷斯坦犊牛从出生到5周龄被饲喂含有抗生素的代乳粉[MRA(土霉素138mg/kg和新霉素276mg/kg),n = 22]或肠卫士[MRE,一种低聚果糖、大蒜素和肠道活性微生物的混合物(129mg/kg,n = 23)],以比较对平均日增重和腹泻发病率的影响。通过测量体重增加、饲料效率和粪便评分来评估生长性能。各处理间总体重增加和腹泻严重程度无差异,起始摄入量或平均体重增加也无差异。在第2周,饲喂MRA的犊牛平均日增重低于饲喂MRE的犊牛(0.07对0.09kg/d,P = 0.09),而在第5周时更高(0.62对0.51kg/d,P < 0.01);然而,饲喂MRE的犊牛总增重与饲喂MRA的犊牛无差异。同样,平均饲料效率(增重/干物质摄入量)也无差异。通过粪便评分衡量的腹泻严重程度以及血清蛋白浓度(免疫球蛋白的间接指标),在饲喂MRA和MRE的犊牛中相似。结果表明,代乳粉中的抗生素可以用低聚果糖、益生菌和大蒜素等化合物替代,以获得相似的犊牛生长性能。