Georgiades Michael S, Harris John P
Department of Psychology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, UK.
Perception. 2002;31(4):393-408. doi: 10.1068/p3199.
The effect of varying the spatial relationships between an adapt/test grating and a stationary surrounding reference grating, and their interaction with diversion of attention during adaptation, were investigated in two experiments on the movement aftereffect (MAE). In experiment 1, MAEs were found to increase as the separation between the surrounding grating and the adapt/test grating decreased, but not with the area of the adapt/test grating. Although diversion during adaptation (repeating changing digits at the fixation point) reduced MAE durations, its effects did not interact with any of the stimulus variables. In experiment 2, MAE durations increased as the outer dimensions of the reference grating were increased, and this effect did interact with diversion, so that the effects of diversion were smaller when the surround grating was larger. This suggests that diversion may be affecting the inputs to an opponent process in motion adaptation, with a smaller effect on the surrounds than on the centres of antagonistic motion-contrast detectors with large receptive fields. A third experiment showed that, although repeating the word 'zero' during adaptation reduced MAEs, this reduction was smaller than that from naming a changing sequence of digits (and not significantly different from that from simply observing the changing digits), suggesting that MAE reductions are not produced only, if at all, by putative movements of the head and eyes caused by speaking.
在关于运动后效（MAE）的两项实验中，研究了改变适应/测试光栅与固定的周围参考光栅之间的空间关系的影响，以及它们在适应过程中与注意力转移的相互作用。在实验1中，发现随着周围光栅与适应/测试光栅之间的间距减小，运动后效会增加，但适应/测试光栅的面积对其没有影响。尽管在适应过程中转移注意力（在注视点重复变化的数字）会缩短运动后效的持续时间，但其效果与任何刺激变量均无相互作用。在实验2中，运动后效的持续时间随着参考光栅外部尺寸的增加而增加，并且这种效应与注意力转移存在相互作用，因此当周围光栅较大时，注意力转移的影响较小。这表明注意力转移可能正在影响运动适应中对抗过程的输入，对大感受野的对抗性运动对比度检测器的周围部分的影响小于对其中心部分的影响。第三个实验表明，尽管在适应过程中重复单词“零”会减少运动后效，但这种减少幅度小于说出变化的数字序列所产生的减少幅度（并且与仅仅观察变化的数字所产生的减少幅度没有显著差异），这表明运动后效的减少并非仅仅由说话引起的头部和眼睛的假定运动所导致，如果有的话。
