Dickson Nigel, Wilson Meg, Herbison Peter, Paul Charlotte
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin.
N Z Med J. 2002 Apr 12;115(1151):155-9.
To examine the circumstances of wanted and unwanted pregnancies before age 25 years for both women and men, and compare the circumstances of the most undesired pregnancies with all others.
Cross-sectional study within a birth cohort using a computer-presented questionnaire.
Of the 477 women, 173 (36%) had been pregnant before age 25 years, and experienced 289 pregnancies of which 173 (60%) were unwanted. Of the 489 men, 142 (29%) reported 225 pregnancies before age 25, of which 165 (73%) were unwanted. By age 25 about a quarter of the study members (27% of women and 24% of men), had been involved in at least one unwanted pregnancy. Wantedness increased with age and length of relationship with the other parent; both factors remained significant in multivariate analysis for men, but not age for women. For women unwanted pregnancies were more likely to be due to non-use of contraception than failure. For both women and men the commonest single reason for not using contraception was not thinking about it, followed by alcohol use.
An environment has emerged for men and women in their twenties in New Zealand where most are sexually active but do not want a pregnancy to occur. To delay pregnancy for a prolonged period requires dedication and commitment to effective contraception. While more attention needs to be paid to promotion of effective use of contraception, more understanding is called for over the difficulties of avoiding pregnancy with long-term reversible contraception. A further approach to the problem of unwanted pregnancies which should be investigated is to encourage committed sexual relationships.
研究25岁之前男女意外怀孕和非意外怀孕的情况，并将最不想要的怀孕情况与其他所有情况进行比较。
在一个出生队列中进行横断面研究，采用计算机呈现的问卷。
在477名女性中，173名（36%）在25岁之前怀孕，共经历289次怀孕，其中173次（60%）是意外怀孕。在489名男性中，142名（29%）报告在25岁之前有225次怀孕，其中165次（73%）是意外怀孕。到25岁时，约四分之一的研究对象（女性为27%，男性为24%）至少经历过一次意外怀孕。怀孕意愿随年龄和与另一方父母关系的持续时间增加；这两个因素在男性的多变量分析中仍然显著，但在女性中年龄因素不显著。对于女性，意外怀孕更可能是由于未使用避孕措施而非避孕失败。对于男性和女性，不使用避孕措施最常见的单一原因是没有考虑到，其次是饮酒。
在新西兰，二十多岁的男女所处的环境是，大多数人性活跃但不想怀孕。要长时间推迟怀孕需要致力于并坚持使用有效的避孕措施。虽然需要更多关注促进有效使用避孕措施，但对于长期可逆避孕措施在避免怀孕方面的困难也需要更多理解。应该研究的解决意外怀孕问题的另一种方法是鼓励建立稳定的性关系。
