Goodwin Renee D, Hasin Deborah S
Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, USA.
Addiction. 2002 May;97(5):555-62. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00098.x.
To determine the prevalence and correlates associated with sedative use and misuse in the general population.
Data were drawn from the National Comobidity Survey (n = 8098), a representative sample of adults in the community. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify correlates of sedative use, non-prescription use and self-perceived dependence.
The life-time prevalence of self-perceived sedative dependence was 0.5%, 7.1% reported non-prescribed sedative use and 17.0% had been prescribed sedatives and denied misuse. Individuals who used sedatives without a prescription were more likely to be male (OR = 0.61 (0.44, 0.86)), have lower income (OR = 0.71 (0.54, 0.94)), more education (OR = 1.51 (1.17, 1.96)), major depression (OR = 1.47 (1.04, 2.08)), agoraphobia (OR = 1.59 (1.09, 2.32)), ASPD (OR = 5.29 (3.42, 8.20)) and suicide ideation (OR = 1.91 (1.23, 2.94)), compared with those who did not use sedatives. Individuals with self-perceived dependence on sedatives were older (OR = 1.05 (1.02, 1.08)), had less education (OR = 0.2 (0.1, 0.7)) and were more likely to have a parent who abused prescription medications (OR = 4.3 (1.03, 18.03)), compared with those without sedative dependence.
Almost one in 10 adults report misuse of sedatives in their lifetime. Sedative use and misuse are associated with high levels of psychopathology and suicide risk, and show a specific association with parental abuse of prescription medications in the general population. Future work to understand more effectively the nature of these associations may ultimately lead to improved effectiveness of preventive interventions.
确定普通人群中镇静剂使用及滥用的患病率及其相关因素。
数据来自全国共病调查（n = 8098），这是一个具有社区成年代表性的样本。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定镇静剂使用、非处方使用及自我感知依赖性的相关因素。
自我感知的镇静剂依赖性的终生患病率为0.5%，7.1%报告有非处方使用镇静剂的情况，17.0%曾被开具过镇静剂且否认有滥用行为。与未使用镇静剂的人相比，无处方使用镇静剂的个体更可能为男性（比值比[OR]=0.61[0.44,0.86]）、收入较低（OR = 0.71[0.54,0.94]）、受教育程度较高（OR = 1.51[1.17,1.96]）、患有重度抑郁症（OR = 1.47[1.04,2.08]）、广场恐惧症（OR = 1.59[1.09,2.32]）、反社会型人格障碍（OR = 5.29[3.42,8.20]）及有自杀意念（OR = 1.91[1.23,2.94]）。与无镇静剂依赖性的人相比，自我感知有镇静剂依赖性的个体年龄较大（OR = 1.05[1.02,1.08]）、受教育程度较低（OR = 0.2[0.1,0.7]）且更可能有一位滥用处方药的父母（OR = 4.3[1.03,18.03]）。
近十分之一的成年人报告在其一生中曾滥用过镇静剂。镇静剂的使用及滥用与高水平的精神病理学及自杀风险相关，并且在普通人群中显示出与父母滥用处方药存在特定关联。未来更有效地理解这些关联本质的工作可能最终会提高预防干预措施的有效性。
