镇静/安定类药物滥用与大学生的酒精和非法药物问题、心理健康问题以及冲动和强迫行为有关。
Sedative/Tranquilizer Misuse is Associated With Alcohol and Illicit Drug Problems, Mental Health Issues, and Impulsivity and Compulsivity in University Students.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL (JEG); Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, MN (KL); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge; & Cambridge and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (CPFT), UK (SRC).
出版信息
J Addict Med. 2020 May/Jun;14(3):199-206. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000556.
BACKGROUND
This study examined the prevalence of sedative/tranquilizer misuse among university students and its associations with psychosocial correlates.
METHODS
Nine thousand four hundred forty-nine students received a 156-item anonymous online survey, which assessed the use of prescription sedative/tranquilizer (ever or past year), alcohol and drug use, mental health issues, and impulsive and compulsive traits. Sedative/tranquilizer misuse was defined as intake of these prescription drugs by individuals who had not been prescribed them.
RESULTS
Three thousand five hundred twenty-five university students (57.7% women) responded to the survey. The prevalence of past 12-month prescription sedative/tranquilizer misuse was 2.1%, with 2.8% reporting having used more than 12 months ago. Prescription sedative/tranquilizer misuse was associated with the use of multiple other drugs (eg, alcohol, opiates each P < 0.001). Those who misuse sedative/tranquilizers were significantly more likely to have mental health histories (P < 0.001), engage in riskier sexual behavior (ie, earlier sexual acts [P < 0.001] and less frequent use of barrier contraception [P = 0.001]), report low self-esteem (P = 0.001), and endorse traits of impulsivity (P < 0.001) and compulsivity (P < 0.001). Effect sizes were small to medium.
CONCLUSIONS
Misuse of prescription sedative/tranquilizers was reported by 2% to 3% of university students and was associated with a variety of mental health and drug use problems. Clinicians should be aware that certain mental health conditions are more likely in those who misuse sedatives. This study indicates the need for longitudinal research into the effects of chronic sedative use on brain function and mental health, especially in young people. Such research should address the extent to which impulsive traits predispose to various substance use problems, versus the direct effects of sedatives (and other substances) on mental health.
背景
本研究调查了大学生镇静/安定类药物滥用的流行情况及其与心理社会相关因素的关系。
方法
9449 名学生接受了一项 156 项匿名在线调查，评估了他们对处方镇静/安定类药物（过去或过去一年）、酒精和药物使用、心理健康问题以及冲动和强迫特质的使用情况。镇静/安定类药物滥用被定义为未经处方使用这些处方药物的个体摄入这些药物。
结果
3525 名大学生（57.7%为女性）对调查做出了回应。过去 12 个月处方镇静/安定类药物滥用的患病率为 2.1%，有 2.8%的人报告说在 12 个月前有过使用。处方镇静/安定类药物滥用与其他多种药物的使用有关（例如，酒精、阿片类药物，均 P<0.001）。滥用镇静/安定类药物的人更有可能有心理健康史（P<0.001），从事风险更高的性行为（即，更早的性行为[P<0.001]和更少使用屏障避孕[P=0.001]），报告自尊心低（P=0.001），并表现出冲动（P<0.001）和强迫（P<0.001）特质。效应大小为小到中等。
结论
2%至 3%的大学生报告了处方镇静/安定类药物的滥用，且与各种心理健康和药物使用问题相关。临床医生应该意识到，某些心理健康状况在滥用镇静剂的人群中更为常见。本研究表明需要对慢性镇静剂使用对大脑功能和心理健康的影响进行纵向研究，尤其是在年轻人中。此类研究应探讨冲动特质在各种物质使用问题中的倾向性程度，以及镇静剂（和其他物质）对心理健康的直接影响。
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