Neves Susana R, Ram Prahlad T, Iyengar Ravi
Department of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1636-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1071550.
The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are signal transducers that communicate signals from many hormones, neurotransmitters, chemokines, and autocrine and paracrine factors. The extracellular signals are received by members of a large superfamily of receptors with seven membrane-spanning regions that activate the G proteins, which route the signals to several distinct intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways interact with one another to form a network that regulates metabolic enzymes, ion channels, transporters, and other components of the cellular machinery controlling a broad range of cellular processes, including transcription, motility, contractility, and secretion. These cellular processes in turn regulate systemic functions such as embryonic development, gonadal development, learning and memory, and organismal homeostasis.
异源三聚体鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白（G蛋白）是信号转导分子，可传递来自多种激素、神经递质、趋化因子以及自分泌和旁分泌因子的信号。细胞外信号由具有七个跨膜区域的一大类受体家族成员接收，这些受体激活G蛋白，G蛋白将信号传递至几种不同的细胞内信号通路。这些通路相互作用形成一个网络，调节代谢酶、离子通道、转运蛋白以及控制广泛细胞过程（包括转录、运动性、收缩性和分泌）的细胞机制的其他组分。这些细胞过程进而调节诸如胚胎发育、性腺发育、学习和记忆以及机体稳态等系统功能。
