Schnaiberg Jill, Riera Joan, Turner Monica G, Voss Paul R
Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 550 North Park Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1491, USA.
Environ Manage. 2002 Jul;30(1):24-34. doi: 10.1007/s00267-002-2450-z.
Lakeshore development in Vilas County, northern Wisconsin (USA) is heterogeneous, ranging from lakes that are surrounded by homes and commercial establishments to lakes that have no buildings on their shorelines. Development in this recreational area has increased, and since the 1960s over half of new homes have been built on the lakeshore. We examined building density around lakes in relationship to 11 variables, including in-lake, shoreline, and social characteristics. Buildings in many parts of northern Wisconsin tend to be concentrated around shorelines; in Vilas County 61% of all medium-sized buildings (our proxy for residential development) on private land were < or =100 m of a lake. The probability of development on a lake was largely related to lake surface area, with larger, more accessible lakes showing a higher probability of development. Building density along shorelines varied with travel cost, lake surface area, presence of wetlands, and extent of public land ownership. Building density was greater on larger, more accessible lakes that were surrounded by forest (as opposed to wetlands) and public lands. Gaining a more precise understanding of human settlement patterns can help direct planning and resource protection efforts to lakes most likely to experience future development.
美国威斯康星州北部维拉斯县的湖滨开发情况各异，从被住宅和商业设施环绕的湖泊到湖岸没有建筑物的湖泊都有。这个休闲区的开发有所增加，自20世纪60年代以来，超过一半的新住宅建在了湖滨。我们研究了湖泊周边的建筑密度与11个变量之间的关系，这些变量包括湖泊内部、湖岸线以及社会特征。威斯康星州北部许多地区的建筑物往往集中在湖岸线周围；在维拉斯县，私人土地上所有中型建筑物（我们用作住宅开发的代表）中有61%距离湖泊小于或等于100米。湖泊上进行开发的可能性在很大程度上与湖泊表面积有关，面积越大、越容易到达的湖泊开发可能性越高。湖岸线沿线的建筑密度随交通成本、湖泊表面积、湿地的存在以及公共土地所有权范围而变化。在被森林（而非湿地）和公共土地环绕的、面积更大且更易到达的湖泊上，建筑密度更大。更精确地了解人类居住模式有助于将规划和资源保护工作导向最有可能经历未来开发的湖泊。
