Nuclear translocation of insulin receptor substrate-1 by the simian virus 40 T antigen and the activated type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor.

32D cells are a murine hemopoietic cell line that undergoes apoptosis upon withdrawal of interleukin-3 (IL-3) from the medium. 32D cells have low levels of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor and do not express insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) or IRS-2. Ectopic expression of IRS-1 delays apoptosis but cannot rescue 32D cells from IL-3 dependence. In 32D/IRS-1 cells, IRS-1 is detectable, as expected, in the cytosol/membrane compartment. The SV40 large T antigen is a nuclear protein that, by itself, also fails to protect 32D cells from apoptosis. Co-expression of IRS-1 with the SV40 T antigen in 32D cells results in nuclear translocation of IRS-1 and survival after IL-3 withdrawal. Expression of a human IGF-I receptor in 32D/IRS-1 cells also results in nuclear translocation of IRS-1 and IL-3 independence. The phosphotyrosine-binding domain, but not the pleckstrin domain, is necessary for IRS-1 nuclear translocation. Nuclear translocation of IRS-1 was confirmed in mouse embryo fibroblasts. These results suggest possible new roles for nuclear IRS-1 in IGF-I-mediated growth and anti-apoptotic signaling.