Del Ben Kevin, Fremouw W
West Virginia University, Department of Psychology, Morgantown 26505-6040, USA.
J Forensic Sci. 2002 Jan;47(1):152-8.
Stalking has received a great deal of attention from the media and its harmful effects on victims have been well documented. Stalking is also more common than previously thought, leading researchers to classify stalkers into groups in an attempt to predict future behavior. Previous research has grouped stalkers based on theoretical models rather than trying to empirically examine stalking behaviors along with other factors such as motivation, type of relationship, and attachment style in determining a typology of stalkers. Female college students (N = 108) who had experienced stalking behaviors responded to questions regarding their perceptions of those behaviors. First, these victim perceptions were factor analyzed. Then, cluster analysis grouped those factors to produce a four-cluster typology of stalkers. Cluster 1 (Harmless) appeared to reflect a more casual, less jealous pattern of behavior. Cluster 2 (Low Threat) appeared the least likely to become physically violent or threatening, or to engage in illegal behaviors. Cluster 3 (Violent Criminal) appeared to be the most likely to engage in physically threatening and illegal behaviors. Cluster 4 (High Threat) was characterized by a more serious type of relationship and may attempt to be more restrictive of their partner when first meeting them.
跟踪行为已受到媒体的广泛关注，其对受害者的有害影响也有充分记录。跟踪行为也比以前认为的更为常见，这促使研究人员对跟踪者进行分组，试图预测其未来行为。以往的研究是根据理论模型对跟踪者进行分组，而不是在确定跟踪者类型时，对跟踪行为以及动机、关系类型和依恋风格等其他因素进行实证研究。有过跟踪行为经历的女大学生（N = 108）回答了关于她们对这些行为看法的问题。首先，对这些受害者的看法进行了因子分析。然后，聚类分析将这些因子进行分组，得出了跟踪者的四类聚类类型。第一类（无害型）似乎反映出一种较为随意、嫉妒心较弱的行为模式。第二类（低威胁型）似乎最不可能实施身体暴力或威胁行为，或从事非法行为。第三类（暴力犯罪型）似乎最有可能实施身体威胁和非法行为。第四类（高威胁型）的特点是关系类型更为严重，初次见面时可能会试图对其伴侣进行更多限制。
