Sciorra Vicki A, Morris Andrew J
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cellular and Mollecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive CMM W318, La Jolla, CA 92093-0688, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 May 23;1582(1-3):45-51. doi: 10.1016/s1388-1981(02)00136-1.
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a family of integral membrane glycoproteins that catalyze the dephosphorylation of a number of bioactive lipid mediators including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and phosphatidic acid (PA). These mediators exert complex effects on cell function through both actions at cell surface receptors and on intracellular targets. The LPP-catalyzed dephosphorylation of these substrates can both terminate their signaling actions and itself generate further molecules with biological activity. Recent advances have revealed that a family of structurally related genes is responsible for LPP activities in species from yeast to mammals. These genes exhibit distinct but overlapping expression patterns and their products appear to be heterogeneous with respect to their posttranslational modification and subcellular localizations. Here we review the structure and catalytic properties of the LPPs and consider recent developments in understanding their cellular biology and functions.
脂质磷酸磷酸酶（LPPs）是一类整合膜糖蛋白家族，可催化多种生物活性脂质介质的去磷酸化反应，这些介质包括溶血磷脂酸（LPA）、1-磷酸鞘氨醇（S1P）和磷脂酸（PA）。这些介质通过作用于细胞表面受体和细胞内靶点，对细胞功能发挥复杂的影响。LPP催化的这些底物的去磷酸化反应既能终止它们的信号传导作用，其本身又能产生具有生物活性的其他分子。最近的研究进展表明，一个结构相关的基因家族负责从酵母到哺乳动物等物种中的LPP活性。这些基因表现出不同但重叠的表达模式，并且它们的产物在翻译后修饰和亚细胞定位方面似乎具有异质性。在此，我们综述LPPs的结构和催化特性，并探讨在理解其细胞生物学和功能方面的最新进展。
