Kullberg B J, Oude Lashof A M L
Nijmegen Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine (541), Nijmegen University Medical Center St Radboud, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eur J Med Res. 2002 May 31;7(5):183-91.
Invasive aspergillosis and disseminated candidiasis are the two major manifestations of opportunistic invasive mycoses. Their incidence has risen considerably during the past decades, due to more intensive anticancer chemotherapy, organ transplantations, intensive care, and aggressive surgical interventions. Especially bone marrow transplant recipients are at risk for developing invasive aspergillosis. Whether the infection is acquired through contaminated water or through airborne spores is a matter of much debate. Candidemia and disseminated candidiasis commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Abdominal surgery and mucosal damage due to anticancer chemotherapy are the majors factor through which gut colonization may lead to invasive disease. A shift in the epidemiology of disseminated candidiasis has been noted, with an increasing incidence of Candida glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei strains.
侵袭性曲霉病和播散性念珠菌病是机会性侵袭性真菌病的两种主要表现形式。在过去几十年中，由于更强化的抗癌化疗、器官移植、重症监护以及积极的外科手术干预，它们的发病率显著上升。尤其是骨髓移植受者有发生侵袭性曲霉病的风险。感染是通过受污染的水还是空气传播的孢子获得，这是一个备受争议的问题。念珠菌血症和播散性念珠菌病通常起源于胃肠道。腹部手术和抗癌化疗导致的黏膜损伤是肠道定植可能导致侵袭性疾病的主要因素。已注意到播散性念珠菌病的流行病学发生了变化，光滑念珠菌、热带念珠菌和克柔念珠菌菌株的发病率不断增加。
