Albar Mohammed A
Saudi Med J. 2002 Jun;23(6):627-32.
Genetic diseases include not only single gene disorders, but multifactorial, somatic cell genetic disorders, mitochondrial and even chromosomal. One in 4 adults will suffer from a multifactorial or a somatic cell genetic disease. The common diseases in the community have a hereditary component namely diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart diseases and many types of cancer. Even monogenic diseases which affect a small number of the newborns (2%-3%), have a greater impact on childhood diseases up to age 15 years. Therefore, it is imperative to scrutinize the available methods of prevention and management of genetic disorders, their ethical implications, and since east Mediterranean region is mainly occupied by Arabs and muslims, religious considerations become of paramount importance. Islam differs from many other religions in providing a complete code of life, which encompasses the secular with spiritual, the mundane with the celestial and hence forms the basis of the ethical, moral and even juridical attitudes and laws towards any problem or situation. Islamic teachings carry a great deal of instructions for health promotion and disease prevention including hereditary and genetic disorders. This review discusses how the Islamic teachings play an important role in the prevention and management of genetic disorders and the type of ethical implications involved in such management namely premarital medical examination, the question of consanguinity, the genetic counseling, the question of preimplantation diagnosis, the question of abortion and the offering of alternative ways of reproduction.
遗传疾病不仅包括单基因疾病，还包括多因素、体细胞遗传疾病、线粒体疾病甚至染色体疾病。每4名成年人中就有1人会患多因素或体细胞遗传疾病。社区中的常见疾病都有遗传因素，如糖尿病、高血压、缺血性心脏病和多种癌症。即使是影响少数新生儿（2%-3%）的单基因疾病，对15岁以下儿童疾病的影响也更大。因此，审视现有的遗传疾病预防和管理方法、其伦理影响至关重要，而且由于东地中海地区主要是阿拉伯人和穆斯林，宗教考量变得至关重要。伊斯兰教与许多其他宗教不同，它提供了一套完整的生活准则，涵盖世俗与精神、尘世与天国，因此构成了对任何问题或情况的伦理、道德乃至司法态度和法律的基础。伊斯兰教教义包含许多关于健康促进和疾病预防的指导，包括遗传性和基因性疾病。本综述讨论了伊斯兰教教义如何在遗传疾病的预防和管理中发挥重要作用，以及这种管理所涉及的伦理影响类型，即婚前医学检查、近亲结婚问题、遗传咨询、植入前诊断问题、堕胎问题以及提供替代生殖方式。
