Iliev Y T, Akabaliev V H, Avgarska L P
Medical University, Clinic of Occupational Diseases and Toxicology, 15A Vassil Aprilov St., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2001;43(4):33-9.
Although scarce, the data about acute poisonings with psycho-active substances during the period of socioeconomic crisis in Bulgaria indicate the appearance and increase of the use of inhalants, prescribed and over-the-counter medications and the increase of acute poisoning rate with heroin.
To ascertain some characteristics of acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in Plovdiv region from 01.01.1990 to 31.12.2000.
The whole caseload of 571 acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in Plovdiv region (8.8% of the population of the country) between 1990 and 2000, treated in the only Clinic of Toxicology in the region is studied retrospectively. The variables gender, age, type of psycho-active substance (DSM-IV criteria), grade of severity, duration of use, times of poisoning and some differences between alcohol and opioid poisonings are investigated.
Acute poisoning with psycho-active substances are 5.43% of all intoxications. The moderate grade of severity (48.5%), alcohol (62.8%) and opioid (15.3%) intoxications, debut poisoning (86.8%) and poisonings occurring in the initial period of use predominate. An increase of acute poisonings with psycho-active substances in the last third of the studied period (1990-2000) is established--severe forms (2.59 times) and recidivistic intoxication (4 times). Alcohol and opioid poisonings predominate among severe intoxications. The hospital stay is relatively short--1.75 +/- 0.67 and hospital lethality is 1.6%.
尽管数据稀少，但有关保加利亚社会经济危机期间精神活性物质急性中毒的资料显示，吸入剂、处方药和非处方药的使用出现并增加，海洛因急性中毒率也有所上升。
确定1990年1月1日至2000年12月31日期间普罗夫迪夫地区精神活性物质急性中毒的一些特征。
对1990年至2000年期间普罗夫迪夫地区（占全国人口的8.8%）571例精神活性物质急性中毒病例进行回顾性研究，这些病例均在该地区唯一的毒理学诊所接受治疗。研究变量包括性别、年龄、精神活性物质类型（采用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版标准）、严重程度分级、使用时间、中毒次数以及酒精中毒和阿片类药物中毒之间的一些差异。
精神活性物质急性中毒占所有中毒病例的5.43%。中度严重程度（48.5%）、酒精中毒（62.8%）和阿片类药物中毒（15.3%）、首次中毒（86.8%）以及在使用初期发生的中毒占主导。在研究期间的最后三分之一时间（1990 - 2000年），精神活性物质急性中毒有所增加——严重形式（增加2.59倍）和复发性中毒（增加4倍）。严重中毒中酒精中毒和阿片类药物中毒占主导。住院时间相对较短——1.75 +/- 0.67天，医院死亡率为1.6%。
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