Warner Mark D
Primates. 2002 Jan;43(1):59-71. doi: 10.1007/BF02629577.
This study aims to ascertain habitat utilization, in relation to forest structural variation, by a multi-species group of primates in tropical lowland rainforest in Southeast Peru during dry season. A new approach to assessing habitat utilization was used. Habitat variation was described by structural and indicator variables collected in quadrats along transects through a study area within Terra Firme and Floodplain forest. Variables were grouped into 'factors' accounting for most of the variation by means of a Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Presence or absence of the primates within the quadrats, assessed by repeat transect surveys, was taken to indicate habitat preferences. Discrimination between the habitat and forest structure in areas of primate presence as opposed to absence was carried out by means of Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA). This highlighted patterns in most utilized habitat. Vertical utilization of the forest was also assessed along with presence in bamboo and general activity on encounter. Suggestions of habitat preference and utilization are made for each of the six sympatric species studied, based on significantly discriminating habitat factors, vertical stratification on encounter and relationships with bamboo. Saguinus fuscicollis and Cebus moloch appeared as habitat generalists. Cebus apella, Saimiri sciureus, and Aotus spp., exhibited varying degrees of preference for habitat factors suggesting disturbed forest, Cebus albifrons was more generalistic but with a possible association with primary, naturally disturbed forest. C. apella was encountered in Terra Firme forest significantly more than in Floodplain. For S. sciureus, C. moloch, and C. apella, upper understory was the most utilized forest layer, for C. albifrons, middle canopy and for S. sciureus and Aotus spp., lower understory. Both positive and negative relationships with bamboo were highlighted. Significant positive relationships between Aotus spp., and bamboo suggest dense bamboo stands provide important daytime resting sites for this nocturnal species. C. moloch was also shown to utilize bamboo whereas S. fuscicollis appeared to actively avoid it. High levels of conformity with past studies in terms of habitat utilization patterns described for the species studied supports the conclusion that the methods used in this study provide an effective means of assessing primate habitat utilization within complex habitat.
本研究旨在确定秘鲁东南部热带低地雨林中一个多物种灵长类动物群体在旱季与森林结构变化相关的栖息地利用情况。采用了一种评估栖息地利用的新方法。通过沿着穿过陆地森林和洪泛森林研究区域内样带的样方收集的结构变量和指示变量来描述栖息地变化。通过主成分分析（PCA）将变量分组为解释大部分变化的“因子”。通过重复样带调查评估样方内灵长类动物的存在与否，以此表明栖息地偏好。通过判别函数分析（DFA）对灵长类动物存在区域与不存在区域的栖息地和森林结构进行区分。这突出了最常被利用的栖息地模式。还评估了森林的垂直利用情况以及在竹林中的出现情况和相遇时的一般活动。基于显著区分栖息地的因子、相遇时的垂直分层以及与竹子的关系，对所研究的六种同域物种中的每一种都提出了栖息地偏好和利用的建议。棕颈伶猴和白额卷尾猴表现为栖息地通才。白喉卷尾猴、松鼠猴和夜猴对表明受干扰森林的栖息地因子表现出不同程度的偏好，白额猴更具通用性，但可能与原始的、自然受干扰的森林有关。白喉卷尾猴在陆地森林中被观察到的次数明显多于洪泛森林。对于松鼠猴、白额卷尾猴和白喉卷尾猴，林下上层是最常被利用的森林层，对于白额猴是中层树冠层，对于松鼠猴和夜猴是林下下层。突出了与竹子的正相关和负相关关系。夜猴与竹子之间的显著正相关表明茂密的竹林为这种夜行性物种提供了重要的白天休息场所。白额卷尾猴也被证明会利用竹子，而棕颈伶猴似乎会主动避开它。在所研究物种的栖息地利用模式方面，与过去的研究高度一致，这支持了本研究中使用的方法为评估复杂栖息地内灵长类动物的栖息地利用提供了有效手段这一结论。
