维持和改善老年人的身体功能。

John A. Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, School of Nursing, University of California at San Francisco, USA.

Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2002;20:3-33.

This chapter reviews 60 published research reports about maintaining and improving physical function in elders. Reports were identified through searches of MEDLINE and CINAHL using the following search terms: Activities of Daily Living, aged, nursing care, nurse-patient relations, geriatric nursing, nursing assessment, geriatric assessment, behavior therapy, disability evaluation, exercise, and physical. Reports were included if published in English between 1985 and 2000, if conducted in adults over age 60, and if the first author was a nurse or the reported intervention was implemented by nurses. Descriptive and experimental studies of physical function in elders were included. The results of this synthesis showed that nurse scientists have developed new instruments to measure physical function, including scales sensitive to changes in physical function caused by dementia. Nursing studies have described many of the physical and psychological factors associated with poor physical function in elders, though environmental factors and ethnic differences in physical function merit further study. Many nurse scientists are currently investigating behavioral interventions, exercise interventions, and changes in nursing care that could improve the physical function of both community-dwelling elders and those who live in residential facilities.

本章回顾了60篇已发表的关于维持和改善老年人身体功能的研究报告。这些报告是通过使用以下检索词在MEDLINE和CINAHL数据库中检索得到的：日常生活活动、老年人、护理、护患关系、老年护理、护理评估、老年评估、行为疗法、残疾评估、锻炼和身体。如果报告发表于1985年至2000年之间、研究对象为60岁以上成年人且第一作者为护士或报告的干预措施由护士实施，则纳入这些报告。纳入了对老年人身体功能的描述性和实验性研究。综合分析结果表明，护理科学家开发了新的工具来测量身体功能，包括对痴呆症引起的身体功能变化敏感的量表。护理研究描述了许多与老年人身体功能不佳相关的身体和心理因素，不过环境因素和身体功能方面的种族差异值得进一步研究。目前，许多护理科学家正在研究行为干预、锻炼干预以及护理方式的改变，这些措施可能会改善居家老年人和居住在养老机构的老年人的身体功能。