Schijven M, Jakimowicz J
Department of Surgery, Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Michelangelolaan 2, PO box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Surg Endosc. 2002 Dec;16(12):1764-70. doi: 10.1007/s00464-001-9229-9. Epub 2002 Jul 8.
This study was undertaken to establish face-, expert, and referent validity of the Xitact LS500; a virtual reality laparoscopic cholecystectomy simulator.
A four-page, 20-item structured questionnaire was presented to 120 surgeons attending a surgical convention. Participants received an instructed hands-on "tour" on the Xitact simulator. Data were analyzed according to the level of experience of the surgeon, resulting in an "expert group opinion" of 87 surgeons and a "referent group opinion" of 33 surgeons.
The majority of respondents believe Xitact has the potential to become a useful tool in teaching (93.1%) and measuring performance assessment (79.3%) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Expert- and referent-group opinion does not differ significantly on any of the presented statements. The opinion regarding the realism of the virtual laparoscopic cholecystectomy environment is favorable among both groups, although it is considered not yet perfect. The "haptic feedback" sensation of the Xitact is a parameter that needs further development.
Both expert- and referent surgeons value Xitact to be an important and useful tool in the laparoscopic teaching setting. Further studies need to be performed to establish the construct validity of the simulator (e.g., to what extent is the simulator logically encompassed into a theoretical framework of acquiring skills, needed for the laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to measure shortening of learning curves on the laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedure, and ultimately to justify its use in the surgical curriculum.
本研究旨在确立Xitact LS500（一种虚拟现实腹腔镜胆囊切除术模拟器）的表面效度、专家效度和效标效度。
向120名参加外科会议的外科医生发放了一份四页、共20项的结构化问卷。参与者接受了关于Xitact模拟器的实操指导“演示”。根据外科医生的经验水平对数据进行分析，得出87名外科医生的“专家组意见”和33名外科医生的“参照组意见”。
大多数受访者认为Xitact有潜力成为腹腔镜胆囊切除术教学（93.1%）和评估操作表现（79.3%）的有用工具。在所有陈述方面，专家组和参照组的意见没有显著差异。两组对于虚拟腹腔镜胆囊切除术环境的真实感评价都较好，尽管认为其尚不完善。Xitact的“触觉反馈”感觉是一个需要进一步改进的参数。
专家外科医生和参照外科医生都认为Xitact是腹腔镜教学环境中的重要且有用的工具。需要进一步开展研究以确立该模拟器的结构效度（例如，模拟器在多大程度上合理地纳入了腹腔镜胆囊切除术所需技能获取的理论框架），从而衡量腹腔镜胆囊切除术操作学习曲线的缩短情况，并最终证明其在外科课程中的应用合理性。
