Conover David O, Munch Stephan B
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.
Science. 2002 Jul 5;297(5578):94-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1074085.
Fishery management plans ignore the potential for evolutionary change in harvestable biomass. We subjected populations of an exploited fish (Menidia menidia) to large, small, or random size-selective harvest of adults over four generations. Harvested biomass evolved rapidly in directions counter to the size-dependent force of fishing mortality. Large-harvested populations initially produced the highest catch but quickly evolved a lower yield than controls. Small-harvested populations did the reverse. These shifts were caused by selection of genotypes with slower or faster rates of growth. Management tools that preserve natural genetic variation are necessary for long-term sustainable yield.
渔业管理计划忽视了可捕捞生物量发生进化变化的可能性。我们在四代时间里，对一种被捕捞鱼类（美洲银汉鱼）的种群进行了大规模、小规模或随机的成鱼大小选择性捕捞。被捕捞生物量朝着与捕捞死亡率的大小依赖性力量相反的方向迅速进化。大规模捕捞的种群最初产量最高，但很快进化出比对照组更低的产量。小规模捕捞的种群则相反。这些变化是由生长速度较慢或较快的基因型选择导致的。保护自然遗传变异的管理工具对于长期可持续产量而言是必要的。
