Tonstad Serena
Department of Preventive Cardiology, Ullevål University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
Drugs. 2002;62 Suppl 2:37-43. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200262002-00004.
Smoking cessation trials of sustained-release bupropion (bupropion SR) were initially conducted in a general population of smokers who were motivated to quit smoking. Bupropion SR has also been found to be a useful treatment of tobacco dependence in various special populations of smokers who often experience difficulty in overcoming tobacco addiction. Point-prevalence quit rates at 6 months were higher in those treated with bupropion SR than in those receiving placebo in studies on smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (23% vs 16%) and in those with cardiovascular disease (34% vs 12%). Abstinence from smoking after treatment with bupropion SR was not affected by a history of major depression or alcoholism. Women treated with bupropion SR were just as likely as men to abstain from smoking. Approximately one-third of a study population who were initially unwilling or unable to quit smoking were able to reduce their smoking by 50% or more during therapy with bupropion SR; 14% of these went on to achieve abstinence. Bupropion SR was well tolerated in these trials; importantly, it had no clinically significant effect on mean blood pressure in smokers, including those with hypertension, and attenuated the weight gain associated with smoking cessation, particularly in women.
缓释安非他酮（安非他酮缓释片）戒烟试验最初是在有戒烟意愿的普通吸烟者群体中进行的。安非他酮缓释片也被发现是治疗各类特殊吸烟者群体烟草依赖的有效药物，这些吸烟者在克服烟草成瘾方面常常遇到困难。在针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病吸烟者（23% 对 16%）和心血管疾病吸烟者（34% 对 12%）的研究中，接受安非他酮缓释片治疗者在 6 个月时的点患病率戒烟率高于接受安慰剂者。安非他酮缓释片治疗后的戒烟情况不受重度抑郁症或酗酒史的影响。接受安非他酮缓释片治疗的女性戒烟可能性与男性相同。在一项研究人群中，约三分之一最初不愿或无法戒烟者在接受安非他酮缓释片治疗期间能够将吸烟量减少 50% 或更多；其中 14% 的人最终实现了戒烟。在这些试验中，安非他酮缓释片耐受性良好；重要的是，它对吸烟者（包括高血压患者）的平均血压没有临床显著影响，并且减轻了与戒烟相关的体重增加，尤其是在女性中。
